1 tn Heb “and I will set a sign among them.” The precise meaning of this statement is unclear. Elsewhere “to set a sign” means “perform a mighty act” (Ps 78:43; Jer 32:20), “make [someone] an object lesson” (Ezek 14:8), and “erect a [literal] standard” (Ps 74:4).
2 tn Some prefer to read “Put” (i.e., Libya).
3 sn That is, Lydia (in Asia Minor).
4 tn Heb “drawers of the bow” (KJV and ASV both similar).
5 sn Javan is generally identified today as Greece (so NIV, NCV, NLT).
6 tn Or “islands” (NIV).
7 tn Heb “brothers” (so NIV); NCV “fellow Israelites.”
8 tn The words “they will bring them” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
9 tn The precise meaning of this word is uncertain. Some suggest it refers to “chariots.” See HALOT 498 s.v. *כִּרְכָּרָה.
13 tn Heb “new moon.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
14 tn Heb “all flesh” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV); NAB, NASB, NIV “all mankind”; NLT “All humanity.”
15 tn Or “bow down before” (NASB).
19 tn Heb “for their worm will not die.”
20 tn Heb “and their fire will not be extinguished.”
21 tn Heb “and they will be an abhorrence to all flesh.”