Isaiah 66:24

66:24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die, ¹  and the fire that consumes them will not die out. ²  All people will find the sight abhorrent.” ³ 

Job 17:13-14

17:13 If ⁴  I hope for the grave to be my home,

if I spread out my bed in darkness,

17:14 If I cry ⁵  to corruption, ⁶  ‘You are my father,’

and to the worm, ‘My Mother,’ or ‘My sister,’

Job 24:19-20

24:19 The drought as well as the heat carry away

the melted snow; ⁷ 

so the grave ⁸  takes away those who have sinned. ⁹ 

24:20 The womb ¹⁰  forgets him,

the worm feasts on him,

no longer will he be remembered.

Like a tree, wickedness will be broken down.

Mark 9:43-48

9:43 If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better for you to enter into life crippled than to have ¹¹  two hands and go into hell, ¹²  to the unquenchable fire. 9:44 [[EMPTY]] ¹³  9:45 If your foot causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better to enter life lame than to have ¹⁴  two feet and be thrown into hell. 9:46 [[EMPTY]] ¹⁵  9:47 If your eye causes you to sin, tear it out! ¹⁶  It is better to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have ¹⁷  two eyes and be thrown into hell, 9:48 where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched.

¹ tn Heb “for their worm will not die.”

² tn Heb “and their fire will not be extinguished.”

³ tn Heb “and they will be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

⁴ tn The clause begins with אִם (’im) which here has more of the sense of “since.” E. Dhorme (Job, 253) takes a rather rare use of the word to get “Can I hope again” (see also GKC 475 §150.f for the caveat).

⁵ tn This is understood because the conditional clauses seem to run to the apodosis in v. 15.

⁶ tn The word שַׁחַת (shakhat) may be the word “corruption” from a root שָׁחַת (shakhat, “to destroy”) or a word “pit” from שׁוּחַ (shuakh, “to sink down”). The same problem surfaces in Ps 16:10, where it is parallel to “Sheol.” E. F. Sutcliffe, The Old Testament and the Future Life, 76ff., defends the meaning “corruption.” But many commentators here take it to mean “the grave” in harmony with “Sheol.” But in this verse “worms” would suggest “corruption” is better.

⁷ tn Heb “the waters of the snow.”

⁸ tn Or “so Sheol.”

⁹ tn This is the meaning of the verse, which in Hebrew only has “The grave / they have sinned.”

¹⁰ tn Here “womb” is synecdoche, representing one’s mother.

¹¹ tn Grk “than having.”

¹² sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36). This Greek term also occurs in vv. 45, 47.

¹³ tc Most later mss have 9:44 here and 9:46 after v. 45: “where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched” (identical with v. 48). Verses 44 and 46 are present in A D Θ Ë¹³ Ï lat sy^p,h, but lacking in important Alexandrian mss and several others (א B C L W Δ Ψ 0274 ˹ 28 565 892 2427 pc co). This appears to be a scribal addition from v. 48 and is almost certainly not an original part of the Greek text of Mark. The present translation follows NA²⁷ in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.

¹⁴ tn Grk “than having.”

¹⁵ tc See tc note at the end of v. 43.

¹⁶ tn Grk “throw it out.”

¹⁷ tn Grk “than having.”