9:12 Syria from the east,
and the Philistines from the west,
they gobbled up Israelite territory. 1
Despite all this, his anger does not subside,
and his hand is ready to strike again. 2
9:17 So the sovereign master was not pleased 3 with their young men,
he took no pity 4 on their orphans and widows;
for the whole nation was godless 5 and did wicked things, 6
every mouth was speaking disgraceful words. 7
Despite all this, his anger does not subside,
and his hand is ready to strike again. 8
1 tn Heb “and they devoured Israel with all the mouth”; NIV “with open mouth”; NLT “With bared fangs.”
2 tn Heb “in all this his anger is not turned, and still his hand is outstretched.” One could translate in the past tense here (and in 9:17b and 21b), but the appearance of the refrain in 10:4b, where it follows a woe oracle prophesying a future judgment, suggests it is a dramatic portrait of the judge which did not change throughout this period of past judgment and will remain unchanged in the future. The English present tense is chosen to best reflect this dramatic mood. (See also 5:25b, where the refrain appears following a dramatic description of coming judgment.)
3 tn The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has לא יחמול (“he did not spare”) which is an obvious attempt to tighten the parallelism (note “he took no pity” in the next line). Instead of taking שָׂמַח (samakh) in one of its well attested senses (“rejoice over, be pleased with”), some propose, with support from Arabic, a rare homonymic root meaning “be merciful.”
4 tn The translation understands the prefixed verbs יִשְׂמַח (yismakh) and יְרַחֵם (yÿrakhem) as preterites without vav (ו) consecutive. (See v. 11 and the note on “he stirred up.”)
5 tn Or “defiled”; cf. ASV “profane”; NAB “profaned”; NIV “ungodly.”
6 tn מֵרַע (mera’) is a Hiphil participle from רָעַע (ra’a’, “be evil”). The intransitive Hiphil has an exhibitive force here, indicating that they exhibited outwardly the evidence of an inward condition by committing evil deeds.
7 tn Or “foolishness” (NASB), here in a moral-ethical sense.
8 tn Heb “in all this his anger is not turned, and still his hand is outstretched.”