Judges 1:13

1:13 When Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, ¹  captured it, Caleb ²  gave him his daughter Acsah as a wife.

Judges 2:8

2:8 Joshua son of Nun, the Lord’s servant, died at the age of one hundred ten.

Judges 3:31

3:31 After Ehud ³  came ⁴  Shamgar son of Anath; he killed six hundred Philistines with an oxgoad and, like Ehud, ⁵  delivered Israel.

Judges 4:12

4:12 When Sisera heard ⁶  that Barak son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor,

Judges 5:12

5:12 Wake up, wake up, Deborah!

Wake up, wake up, sing a song!

Get up, Barak!

Capture your prisoners of war, ⁷  son of Abinoam!

Judges 8:23

8:23 Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, nor will my son rule over you. The Lord will rule over you.”

Judges 8:31

8:31 His concubine, ⁸  who lived in Shechem, also gave him a son, whom he named Abimelech. ⁹ 

Judges 9:26

9:26 Gaal son of Ebed ¹⁰  came through Shechem with his brothers. The leaders of Shechem transferred their loyalty to him. ¹¹ 

¹ tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel was Caleb’s nephew; so CEV).

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Caleb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Ehud) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴ tn Heb “was.”

⁵ tn Heb “also he”; the referent (Ehud) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵ tn Heb “and they told Sisera.”

⁷ tn Heb “take captive your captives.” (The Hebrew text uses a cognate accusative here.)

⁹ sn A concubine was a slave woman in ancient Near Eastern societies who was the legal property of her master, but who could have legitimate sexual relations with her master. A concubine’s status was more elevated than a mere servant, but she was not free and did not have the legal rights of a free wife. The children of a concubine could, in some instances, become equal heirs with the children of the free wife. After the period of the Judges concubines may have become more of a royal prerogative (2 Sam 21:10-14; 1 Kgs 11:3).

¹⁰ sn The name Abimelech means “my father is king.”

¹¹ sn The name Gaal derives from, or at least sounds like, a Hebrew verb meaning “to abhor, loathe.” His father’s name, Ebed, means “servant.” Perhaps then this could be translated, “loathsome one, son of a servant.” This individual’s very name (which may be the narrator’s nickname for him, not his actual name) seems to hint at his immoral character and lowly social status.

¹² tn Heb “trusted in him.” Here the verb probably describes more than a mental attitude. It is likely that the Shechemites made an alliance with Gaal and were now trusting him for protection in return for their loyalty (and probably tribute).