3:1 These were the nations the Lord permitted to remain so he could use them to test Israel – he wanted to test all those who had not experienced battle against the Canaanites. 1 3:2 He left those nations simply because he wanted to teach the subsequent generations of Israelites, who had not experienced the earlier battles, how to conduct holy war. 2 3:3 These were the nations: 3 the five lords of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites living in Mount Lebanon, from Mount Baal Hermon to Lebo-Hamath. 4 3:4 They were left to test Israel, so the Lord would know if his people would obey the commands he gave their ancestors through Moses. 5
3:5 The Israelites lived among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 3:6 They took the Canaanites’ daughters as wives and gave their daughters to the Canaanites; 6 they worshiped 7 their gods as well.
3:7 The Israelites did evil in the Lord’s sight. 8 They forgot the Lord their God and worshiped the Baals and the Asherahs. 9 3:8 The Lord was furious with Israel 10 and turned them over to 11 King Cushan-Rishathaim 12 of Aram-Naharaim. They were Cushan-Rishathaim’s subjects 13 for eight years. 3:9 When the Israelites cried out for help to the Lord, he 14 raised up a deliverer for the Israelites who rescued 15 them. His name was Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother. 16 3:10 The Lord’s spirit empowered him 17 and he led Israel. When he went to do battle, the Lord handed over to him King Cushan-Rishathaim of Aram and he overpowered him. 18
1 tn Heb “did not know the wars of Canaan.”
2 tn The Hebrew syntax of v. 2 is difficult. The Hebrew text reads literally, “only in order that the generations of the Israelites might know, to teach them war – only those who formerly did not know them.”
3 tn The words “These were the nations,” though not present in the Hebrew text, are supplied in the translation for clarity.
4 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.”
5 tn Heb “to know if they would hear the commands of the
6 tn Heb “to their sons.”
7 tn Or “served”; or “followed” (this term occurs in the following verse as well).
8 tn Heb “in the eyes of the
9 sn The Asherahs were local manifestations of the Canaanite goddess Asherah.
10 tn Or “The
11 tn Heb “sold them into the hands of.”
12 tn Or “Cushan the Doubly Wicked.”
13 tn Or “they served Cushan-Rishathaim.”
14 tn Heb “the
15 tn Or “delivered.”
16 tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel is Caleb’s nephew).
17 tn Heb “was on him.”
18 tn Heb “his hand was strong against Cushan-Rishathaim.”