23:19 But just watch! 2 The wrath of the Lord
will come like a storm! 3
Like a raging storm it will rage down 4
on the heads of those who are wicked.
30:23 Just watch! The wrath of the Lord
will come like a storm.
Like a raging storm it will rage down
on the heads of those who are wicked.
18:20 Should good be paid back with evil?
Yet they are virtually digging a pit to kill me. 5
Just remember how I stood before you
pleading on their behalf 6
to keep you from venting your anger on them. 7
4:4 Just as ritual circumcision cuts away the foreskin
as an external symbol of dedicated covenant commitment,
you must genuinely dedicate yourselves to the Lord
and get rid of everything that hinders your commitment to me, 14
people of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem.
If you do not, 15 my anger will blaze up like a flaming fire against you
that no one will be able to extinguish.
That will happen because of the evil you have done.”
6:11 I am as full of anger as you are, Lord, 16
I am tired of trying to hold it in.”
The Lord answered, 17
“Vent it, then, 18 on the children who play in the street
and on the young men who are gathered together.
Husbands and wives are to be included, 19
as well as the old and those who are advanced in years.
10:25 Vent your anger on the nations that do not acknowledge you. 23
Vent it on the peoples 24 who do not worship you. 25
For they have destroyed the people of Jacob. 26
They have completely destroyed them 27
and left their homeland in utter ruin.
21:12 O royal family descended from David. 28
The Lord says:
‘See to it that people each day 29 are judged fairly. 30
Deliver those who have been robbed from those 31 who oppress them.
Otherwise, my wrath will blaze out against you.
It will burn like a fire that cannot be put out
because of the evil that you have done. 32
25:15 So 33 the Lord, the God of Israel, spoke to me in a vision. 34 “Take this cup from my hand. It is filled with the wine of my wrath. 35 Take it and make the nations to whom I send you drink it.
1 tn Heb “with outstretched hand and with strong arm.” These are, of course, figurative of God’s power and might. He does not literally have hands and arms.
2 tn Heb “Behold!”
3 tn The syntax of this line has generally been misunderstood, sometimes to the point that some want to delete the word wrath. Both here and in 30:23 where these same words occur the word “anger” stands not as an accusative of attendant circumstance but an apposition, giving the intended referent to the figure. Comparison should be made with Jer 25:15 where “this wrath” is appositional to “the cup of wine” (cf. GKC 425 §131.k).
4 tn The translation is deliberate, intending to reflect the repetition of the Hebrew root which is “swirl/swirling.”
3 tn Or “They are plotting to kill me”; Heb “They have dug a pit for my soul.” This is a common metaphor for plotting against someone. See BDB 500 s.v. כָּרָה Qal and for an example see Pss 7:16 (7:15 HT) in its context.
4 tn Heb “to speak good concerning them” going back to the concept of “good” being paid back with evil.
5 tn Heb “to turn back your anger from them.”
4 tn The verb here should be interpreted as a future perfect; though some of the people have already been exiled (in 605 and 597
5 tn Or “Indeed.”
6 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies, the God of Israel.” See the study note on 2:19 for the translation and significance of this title.
7 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
8 tn See the study note on 24:9 and the usage in 29:22 for the meaning and significance of this last phrase.
9 tn Or “land.” The reference is, of course, to the land of Judah.
6 tn Heb “Circumcise yourselves to the
7 tn Heb “lest.”
7 tn Heb “I am full of the wrath of the
8 tn These words are not in the text but are implicit from the words that follow. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
9 tn Heb “Pour it out.”
10 tn Heb “are to be captured.”
8 tn Heb “Lord Yahweh.” The translation follows the ancient Jewish tradition of substituting the Hebrew word for God for the proper name Yahweh.
9 tn Heb “this place.” Some see this as a reference to the temple but the context has been talking about what goes on in the towns of Judah and Jerusalem and the words that follow, meant as a further explanation, are applied to the whole land.
10 tn Heb “the trees of/in the field and the fruit of/in the ground.”
9 tn Heb “know you.” For this use of the word “know” (יָדַע, yada’) see the note on 9:3.
10 tn Heb “tribes/clans.”
11 tn Heb “who do not call on your name.” The idiom “to call on your name” (directed to God) refers to prayer (mainly) and praise. See 1 Kgs 18:24-26 and Ps 116:13, 17. Here “calling on your name” is parallel to “acknowledging you.” In many locations in the OT “name” is equivalent to the person. In the OT, the “name” reflected the person’s character (cf. Gen 27:36; 1 Sam 25:25) or his reputation (Gen 11:4; 2 Sam 8:13). To speak in a person’s name was to act as his representative or carry his authority (1 Sam 25:9; 1 Kgs 21:8). To call someone’s name over something was to claim it for one’s own (2 Sam 12:28).
12 tn Heb “have devoured Jacob.”
13 tn Or “have almost completely destroyed them”; Heb “they have devoured them and consumed them.” The figure of hyperbole is used here; elsewhere Jeremiah and God refer to the fact that they will not be completely consumed. See for example 4:27; 5:10, 18.
10 tn Heb “house of David.” This is essentially equivalent to the royal court in v. 11.
11 tn Heb “to the morning” = “morning by morning” or “each morning.” See Isa 33:2 and Amos 4:4 for parallel usage.
12 sn The kings of Israel and Judah were responsible for justice. See Pss 122:5. The king himself was the final court of appeals judging from the incident of David with the wise woman of Tekoa (2 Sam 14), Solomon and the two prostitutes (1 Kgs 3:16-28), and Absalom’s attempts to win the hearts of the people of Israel by interfering with due process (2 Sam 15:2-4). How the system was designed to operate may be seen from 2 Chr 19:4-11.
13 tn Heb “from the hand [or power] of.”
14 tn Heb “Lest my wrath go out like fire and burn with no one to put it out because of the evil of your deeds.”
11 tn This is an attempt to render the Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) which is probably being used in the sense that BDB 473-74 s.v. כִּי 3.c notes, i.e., the causal connection is somewhat loose, related here to the prophecies against the nations. “So” seems to be the most appropriate way to represent this.
12 tn Heb “Thus said the
13 sn “Drinking from the cup of wrath” is a common figure to represent being punished by God. Isaiah had used it earlier to refer to the punishment which Judah was to suffer and from which God would deliver her (Isa 51:17, 22) and Jeremiah’s contemporary Habakkuk uses it of Babylon “pouring out its wrath” on the nations and in turn being forced to drink the bitter cup herself (Hab 2:15-16). In Jer 51:7 the
12 tn The statements in vv. 28-29 regarding the certain destruction of the city are motivated by three parallel causal clauses in vv. 30a, b, 31, the last of which extends through subordinate and coordinate clauses until the end of v. 35. An attempt has been made to bring out this structure by repeating the idea “This/it will happen” in front of each of these causal clauses in the English translation.
13 tn Heb “from the day they built it until this day.”
14 tn Heb “For this city has been to me for a source of my anger and my wrath from the day they built it until this day so as remove it.” The preposition ְל (lamed) with the infinitive (Heb “so as to remove it”; לַהֲסִירָהּ, lahasirah) expresses degree (cf. R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 37, §199, and compare usage in 2 Sam 13:2).
13 tn Heb “The Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for further explanation.
14 sn This refers to the tearing down of buildings within the city to strengthen the wall or to fill gaps in it which had been broken down by the Babylonian battering rams. For a parallel to this during the siege of Sennacherib in the time of Hezekiah see Isa 22:10; 2 Chr 32:5. These torn-down buildings were also used as burial mounds for those who died in the fighting or through starvation and disease during the siege. The siege prohibited them from taking the bodies outside the city for burial and leaving them in their houses or in the streets would have defiled them.
15 tn Heb “Because I have hidden my face from.” The modern equivalent for this gesture of rejection is “to turn the back on.” See Ps 13:1 for comparable usage. The perfect is to be interpreted as a perfect of resolve (cf. IBHS 488-89 §30.5.1d and compare the usage in Ruth 4:3).
16 tn The translation and meaning of vv. 4-5 are somewhat uncertain. The translation and precise meaning of vv. 4-5 are uncertain at a number of points due to some difficult syntactical constructions and some debate about the text and meaning of several words. The text reads more literally, “33:4 For thus says the
14 tn Heb “will turn each one from his wicked way.”
15 tn Heb “For great is the anger and the wrath which the