51:25 The Lord says, 1 “Beware! I am opposed to you, Babylon! 2
You are like a destructive mountain that destroys all the earth.
I will unleash my power against you; 3
I will roll you off the cliffs and make you like a burned-out mountain. 4
א (Alef)
4:1 5 Alas! 6 Gold has lost its luster; 7
pure gold loses value. 8
Jewels 9 are scattered
on every street corner. 10
3:13 You march out to deliver your people,
to deliver your special servant. 12
You strike the leader of the wicked nation, 13
laying him open from the lower body to the neck. 14 Selah.
1 tn Heb “Oracle of the
2 tn The word “Babylon” is not in the text but is universally understood as the referent. It is supplied in the translation here to clarify the referent for the sake of the average reader.
3 tn Heb “I will reach out my hand against you.” See the translator’s note on 6:12 for explanation.
4 tn Heb “I am against you, oh destroying mountain that destroys all the earth. I will reach out my hand against you and roll you down from the cliffs and make you a mountain of burning.” The interpretation adopted here follows the lines suggested by S. R. Driver, Jeremiah, 318, n. c and reflected also in BDB 977 s.v. שְׂרֵפָה. Babylon is addressed as a destructive mountain because it is being compared to a volcano. The
5 sn According to W. F. Lanahan (“The Speaking Voice in the Book of Lamentations” JBL 93 [1974]: 48), the persona or speaking voice in chap. 4 is a bourgeois, the common man. This voice is somewhat akin to the Reporter in chs 1-2 in that much of the description is in the third person. However, “the bourgeois has some sense of identity with his fellow-citizens” seen in the shift to the first person plural. The alphabetic acrostic structure reduces to two bicola per letter. The first letter of only the first line in each stanza spells the acrostic.
6 tn See the note at 1:1
7 tn Heb “had grown dim.” The verb יוּעַם (yu’am), Hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from עָמַם (’amam, “to conceal, darken”), literally means “to be dimmed” or “to be darkened.” Most English versions render this literally: the gold has “become dim” (KJV, NKJV), “grown dim” (RSV, NRSV), “is dulled” (NJPS), “grown dull” (TEV); however, but NIV has captured the sense well: “How the gold has lost its luster.”
8 tc The verb יִשְׁנֶא (yishne’, Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular) is typically taken to be the only Qal imperfect of I שָׁנָהּ (shanah). Such a spelling with א (aleph) instead of ה (he) is feasible. D. R. Hillers suggests the root שָׂנֵא (sane’, “to hate”): “Pure gold is hated”. This maintains the consonantal text and also makes sense in context. In either case the point is that gold no longer holds the same value, probably because there is nothing available to buy with it.
9 tn Heb “the stones of holiness/jewelry.” קֹדֶשׁ (qodesh) in most cases refers to holiness or sacredness. For the meaning “jewelry” see J. A. Emerton, “The Meaning of אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ in Lamentations 4:1” ZAW 79 (1967): 233-36.
10 tn Heb “at the head of every street.”
11 tn Or “within it,” referring to the city of Jerusalem.
12 tn Heb “anointed one.” In light of the parallelism with “your people” in the preceding line this could refer to Israel, but elsewhere the Lord’s anointed one is always an individual. The Davidic king is the more likely referent here.
13 tn Heb “you strike the head from the house of wickedness.”
14 tn Heb “laying bare [from] foundation to neck.”
15 tn Grk “answering, he said to them.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (ajpokriqei") is redundant in English and has not been translated.
16 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”
17 sn With the statement not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in
18 tn Grk “not one stone will be left here on another which will not be thrown down.”