Jeremiah 51:29

51:29 The earth will tremble and writhe in agony. ¹ 

For the Lord will carry out his plan.

He plans to make the land of Babylonia ² 

a wasteland where no one lives. ³ 

Jeremiah 51:37

51:37 Babylon will become a heap of ruins.

Jackals will make their home there. ⁴ 

It will become an object of horror and of hissing scorn,

a place where no one lives. ⁵ 

Jeremiah 50:39-40

50:39 Therefore desert creatures and jackals will live there.

Ostriches ⁶  will dwell in it too. ⁷ 

But no people will ever live there again.

No one will dwell there for all time to come. ⁸ 

50:40 I will destroy Babylonia just like I did

Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns.

No one will live there. ⁹ 

No human being will settle in it,”

says the Lord. ¹⁰ 

¹ sn The figure here is common in the poetic tradition of the Lord going forth to do battle against his foes and the earth’s reaction to it is compared to a person trembling with fear and writhing in agony, agony like that of a woman in labor (cf. Judg 5:4; Nah 1:2-5; Hab 3:1-15 [especially v. 6]).

² tn Heb “For the plans of the Lord have been carried out to make the land of Babylon…” The passive has been turned into an active and the sentence broken up to better conform with contemporary English style. For the meaning of the verb קוּם (qum) in the sense used here see BDB 878 s.v. קוּם 7.g and compare the usage in Prov 19:21 and Isa 46:10.

³ tn The verbs in this verse and v. 30 are all in the past tense in Hebrew, in the tense that views the action as already as good as done (the Hebrew prophetic perfect). The verb in v. 31a, however, is imperfect, viewing the action as future; the perfects that follow are all dependent on that future. Verse 33 looks forward to a time when Babylon will be harvested and trampled like grain on the threshing floor and the imperatives imply a time in the future. Hence the present translation has rendered all the verbs in vv. 29-30 as future.

⁴ tn Heb “a heap of ruins, a haunt for jackals.” Compare 9:11.

⁵ tn Heb “without an inhabitant.”

⁶ tn The identification of this bird has been called into question by G. R. Driver, “Birds in the Old Testament,” PEQ 87 (1955): 137-38. He refers to this bird as an owl. That identification, however, is not reflected in any of the lexicons including the most recent, which still gives “ostrich” (HALOT 402 s.v. יַעֲנָה) as does W. S. McCullough, “Ostrich,” IDB 3:611. REB, NIV, NCV, and God’s Word all identify this bird as “owl/desert owl.”

⁷ tn Heb “Therefore desert creatures will live with jackals and ostriches will live in it.”

⁸ tn Heb “It will never again be inhabited nor dwelt in unto generation and generation.” For the meaning of this last phrase compare the usage in Ps 100:5 and Isaiah 13:20. Since the first half of the verse has spoken of animals living there, it is necessary to add “people” and turn the passive verbs into active ones.

⁹ tn Heb “‘Like [when] God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns,’ oracle of the Lord, ‘no man will live there.’” The Lord is speaking so the first person has been substituted for “God.” The sentence has again been broken up to better conform with contemporary English style.

¹⁰ tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”