8:7 Even the stork knows
when it is time to move on. 1
The turtledove, swallow, and crane 2
recognize 3 the normal times for their migration.
But my people pay no attention
to 4 what I, the Lord, require of them. 5
8:8 How can you say, “We are wise!
We have the law of the Lord”?
The truth is, 6 those who teach it 7 have used their writings
to make it say what it does not really mean. 8
8:9 Your wise men will be put to shame.
They will be dumbfounded and be brought to judgment. 9
Since they have rejected the word of the Lord,
what wisdom do they really have?
8:10 10 So I will give their wives to other men
and their fields to new owners.
For from the least important to the most important of them,
all of them are greedy for dishonest gain.
Prophets and priests alike,
all practice deceit.
8:11 They offer only superficial help
for the hurt my dear people 11 have suffered. 12
They say, “Everything will be all right!”
But everything is not all right! 13
8:12 Are they ashamed because they have done such disgusting things?
No, they are not at all ashamed!
They do not even know how to blush!
So they will die just like others have died. 14
They will be brought to ruin when I punish them,
says the Lord.
8:13 I will take away their harvests, 15 says the Lord.
There will be no grapes on their vines.
There will be no figs on their fig trees.
Even the leaves on their trees will wither.
The crops that I gave them will be taken away.’” 16
8:14 The people say, 17
“Why are we just sitting here?
Let us gather together inside the fortified cities. 18
Let us at least die there fighting, 19
since the Lord our God has condemned us to die.
He has condemned us to drink the poison waters of judgment 20
because we have sinned against him. 21
8:15 We hoped for good fortune, but nothing good has come of it.
We hoped for a time of relief, but instead we experience terror. 22
8:16 The snorting of the enemy’s horses
is already being heard in the city of Dan.
The sound of the neighing of their stallions 23
causes the whole land to tremble with fear.
They are coming to destroy the land and everything in it!
They are coming to destroy 24 the cities and everyone who lives in them!”
8:17 The Lord says, 25
“Yes indeed, 26 I am sending an enemy against you
that will be like poisonous snakes which cannot be charmed away. 27
And they will inflict fatal wounds on you.” 28
8:18 Then I said, 29
“There is no cure 30 for my grief!
I am sick at heart!
8:19 I hear my dear people 31 crying out 32
throughout the length and breadth of the land. 33
They are crying, ‘Is the Lord no longer in Zion?
Is her divine King 34 no longer there?’”
The Lord answers, 35
“Why then do they provoke me to anger with their images,
with their worthless foreign idols?” 36
8:20 “They cry, 37 ‘Harvest time has come and gone, and the summer is over, 38
and still we have not been delivered.’
8:21 My heart is crushed because my dear people 39 are being crushed. 40
I go about crying and grieving. I am overwhelmed with dismay. 41
8:22 There is still medicinal ointment 42 available in Gilead!
There is still a physician there! 43
Why then have my dear people 44
not been restored to health? 45
1 tn Heb “its appointed time.” The translation is contextually motivated to avoid lack of clarity.
2 tn There is debate in the commentaries and lexicons about the identification of some of these birds, particularly regarding the identification of the “swallow” which is more likely the “swift” and the “crane” which some identify with the “thrush.” For a discussion see the Bible encyclopedias and the UBS handbook Fauna and Flora of the Bible. The identity of the individual birds makes little difference to the point being made and “swallow” is more easily identifiable to the average reader than the “swift.”
3 tn Heb “keep.” Ironically birds, which do not think, obey the laws of nature, but Israel does not obey the laws of God.
4 tn Heb “do not know.” But here as elsewhere the word “know” is more than an intellectual matter. It is intended here to summarize both “know” and “follow” (Heb “observe”) in the preceding lines.
5 tn Heb “the ordinance/requirement of the
6 tn Heb “Surely, behold!”
7 tn Heb “the scribes.”
8 tn Heb “The lying pen of the scribes have made [it] into a lie.” The translation is an attempt to make the most common interpretation of this passage understandable for the average reader. This is, however, a difficult passage whose interpretation is greatly debated and whose syntax is capable of other interpretations. The interpretation of the NJPS, “Assuredly, for naught has the pen labored, for naught the scribes,” surely deserves consideration within the context; i.e. it hasn’t done any good for the scribes to produce a reliable copy of the law, which the people have refused to follow. That interpretation has the advantage of explaining the absence of an object for the verb “make” or “labored” but creates a very unbalanced poetic couplet.
9 tn Heb “be trapped.” However, the word “trapped” generally carries with it the connotation of divine judgment. See BDB 540 s.v. לָכַד Niph.2, and compare usage in Jer 6:11 for support. The verbs in the first two lines are again the form of the Hebrew verb that emphasizes that the action is as good as done (Hebrew prophetic perfects).
10 sn See Jer 6:12-15 for parallels to 8:10-12. The words of Jeremiah to the people may have been repeated on more than one occasion or have been found appropriate to more than one of his collection of messages in written and edited form. See Jer 36:4 and Jer 36:28 for reference to at least two of these collections.
11 tn Heb “daughter of my people.” For the translation given here see 4:11 and the note on the phrase “dear people” there.
12 tn Heb “They heal the wound of my people lightly.”
13 tn Heb “They say, ‘Peace! Peace!’ and there is no peace!”
14 tn Heb “They will fall among the fallen.”
15 tn Or “I will completely destroy them.” The translation which is adopted is based on the revocalization of the MT which appears to mean literally “gathering I will sweep them away,” a rather improbable grammatical combination. It follows the suggestion found in HALOT 705 s.v. סוּף (Hiph) of reading אֹסֵף אֲסִיפָם (’ose, a first singular Qal imperfect of אָסַף [’asaf] followed by a noun אָסִיף [’asif] with possessive suffix) instead of the MT’s אָסֹף אֲסִיפֵם (’aspf ’asifem, a Qal infinitive absolute of אָסַף [’asaf] followed by the Hiphil imperfect of סוּף [suf] plus suffix). For parallel usage of the verb אָסַף (asaf) see BDB 62 s.v. אָסַף Qal.4, and for a similar form of the verb see Mic 4:6. The alternate translation follows the suggestion in BDB 692 s.v. סוּף Hiph: אָסֹף (’asof) is to be interpreted as a form of the Hiphil infinitive absolute (הָסֵף [hasef] would be expected) chosen for assonance with the following form. This suggestion would gain more credence if the MT is to be retained in Zeph 1:2 where parallel forms are found. However, that text too has been questioned on lexical and grammatical grounds. The translation adopted fits the following context better than the alternate one and is based on less questionable lexical and grammatical parallels. The Greek translation which reads “they shall gather their fruits” supports the translation chosen.
16 tn The meaning of this line is very uncertain. A possible alternate translation is: “They have broken the laws that I gave them.” The line reads rather literally “And I gave them they passed over them.” The translation adopted treats the first expression as a noun clause (cf. GKC 488-89 §155.n) which is the subject of the following verb, i.e., “the things I gave them [contextually, the grapes, etc.] passed over from them.” The alternate translation treats the expression as a dangling object (a Hebrew casus pendens) resumed by the pronoun “them” and understands “the things that I gave them” to be the law or some related entity which is often the object of this verb (see BDB 717 s.v. עָבַר Qal.1.i). Neither of these translations is without its weakness. The weakness of the translation which has been adopted is the unusual use it assigns to the object suffix of the verb translated “pass over.” The weakness of the alternate translation is the rather abrupt and opaque introduction of a new topic of reference (i.e., the laws) into the context. On the whole the latter weakness would appear to outweigh the former. This line is missing from the Greek version and J. Bright (Jeremiah [AB]) and J. A. Thompson (Jeremiah [NICOT]) despair of giving a translation. For other possible suggestions see, W. L. Holladay, Jeremiah (Hermeneia), 1:285-86.
17 tn The words “The people say” are not in the text but are implicit in the shift of speakers between vv. 4-13 and vv. 14-16. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
18 tn Heb “Gather together and let us enter into the fortified cities.”
19 tn Heb “Let us die there.” The words “at least” and “fighting” are intended to bring out the contrast of passive surrender to death in the open country and active resistance to the death implicit in the context.
20 tn The words “of judgment” are not in the text but are intended to show that “poison water” is not literal but figurative of judgment at the hands of God through the agency of the enemy mentioned in v. 16.
21 tn Heb “against the
22 tn Heb “[We hoped] for a time of healing but behold terror.”
23 tn Heb “his stallions.”
24 tn The words “They are coming to destroy” are not in the text. They are inserted to break up a long sentence in conformity with contemporary English style.
25 tn These words which are at the end of the Hebrew verse are brought forward to show at the outset the shift in speaker.
26 tn Heb “Indeed [or For] behold!” The translation is intended to convey some of the connection that is suggested by the Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) at the beginning of the verse.
27 tn Heb “I am sending against you snakes, poisonous ones which cannot be charmed.” In the light of the context literal snakes are scarcely meant. So the metaphor is turned into a simile to prevent possible confusion. For a similar metaphorical use of animals for enemies see 5:6.
28 tn Heb “they will bite you.” There does not appear to be any way to avoid the possible confusion that literal snakes are meant here except to paraphrase. Possibly one could say “And they will attack you and ‘bite’ you,” but the enclosing of the word “bite” in quotations might lead to even further confusion.
29 tn The words, “Then I said” are not in the text but there is a general consensus that the words of vv. 18-19a are the words of Jeremiah. These words are supplied in the translation for clarity.
30 tn The meaning of this word is uncertain. The translation is based on the redivision and repointing of a word that occurs only here in the MT and whose pattern of formation is unparalleled in the Hebrew Bible. The MT reads מַבְלִיגִיתִי (mavligiti) which BDB provisionally derives from a verb root meaning “to gleam” or “to shine.” However, BDB notes that the text is dubious (cf. BDB 114 s.v. מַבְלִיגִית). The text is commonly emended to מִבְּלִי גְּהֹת (mibbÿli gÿhot) which is a Qal infinitive from a verb meaning “to heal” preceded by a compound negative “for lack of, to be at a loss for” (cf., e.g., HALOT 514 s.v. מַבְלִיגִית and 174 s.v. גּהה). This reading is supported by the Greek text which has an adjective meaning “incurable,” which is, however, connected with the preceding verse, i.e., “they will bite you incurably.”
31 tn Heb “daughter of my people.” For the translation given here see 4:11 and the note on the phrase “dear people” there.
32 tn Heb “Behold the voice of the crying of the daughter of my people.”
33 tn Heb “Land of distances, i.e., of wide extent.” For parallel usage cf. Isa 33:17.
34 tn Heb “her King” but this might be misunderstood by some to refer to the Davidic ruler even with the capitalization.
35 tn The words, “The
36 sn The people’s cry and the
37 tn The words “They say” are not in the text; they are supplied in the translation to make clear that the lament of the people begun in v. 19b is continued here after the interruption of the
38 tn Heb “Harvest time has passed, the summer is over.”
39 tn Heb “daughter of my people.” For the translation given here see 4:11 and the note on the phrase “dear people” there.
40 tn Heb “Because of the crushing of the daughter of my people I am crushed.”
41 tn Heb “I go about in black [i.e., mourning clothes]. Dismay has seized me.”
42 tn Heb “balm.” The more familiar “ointment” has been used in the translation, supplemented with the adjective “medicinal.”
43 tn Heb “Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there?” In this context the questions are rhetorical and expect a positive answer, which is made explicit in the translation.
44 tn Heb “daughter of my people.” For the translation given here see 4:11 and the note on the phrase “dear people” there.
45 tn Or more clearly, “restored to spiritual health”; Heb “Why then has healing not come to my dear people?”