14:1 “Man, born of woman, 1
lives but a few days, 2 and they are full of trouble. 3
14:2 He grows up 4 like a flower and then withers away; 5
he flees like a shadow, and does not remain. 6
4:19 I said, 7
“Oh, the feeling in the pit of my stomach! 8
I writhe in anguish.
Oh, the pain in my heart! 9
My heart pounds within me.
I cannot keep silent.
For I hear the sound of the trumpet; 10
the sound of the battle cry pierces my soul! 11
1 tn The first of the threefold apposition for אָדָם (’adam, “man”) is “born of a woman.” The genitive (“woman”) after a passive participle denotes the agent of the action (see GKC 359 §116.l).
2 tn The second description is simply “[is] short of days.” The meaning here is that his life is short (“days” being put as the understatement for “years”).
3 tn The third expression is “consumed/full/sated – with/of – trouble/restlessness.” The latter word, רֹגֶז (rogez), occurred in Job 3:17; see also the idea in 10:15.
4 tn Heb יָצָא (yatsa’, “comes forth”). The perfect verb expresses characteristic action and so is translated by the present tense (see GKC 329 §111.s).
5 tn The verb וַיִּמָּל (vayyimmal) is from the root מָלַל (malal, “to languish; to wither”) and not from a different root מָלַל (malal, “to cut off”).
6 tn The verb is “and he does not stand.” Here the verb means “to stay fixed; to abide.” The shadow does not stay fixed, but continues to advance toward darkness.
7 tn The words “I said” are not in the text. They are used to mark the shift from the
8 tn Heb “My bowels! My bowels!”
9 tn Heb “the walls of my heart!”
10 tn Heb “ram’s horn,” but the modern equivalent is “trumpet” and is more readily understandable.
11 tc The translation reflects a different division of the last two lines than that suggested by the Masoretes. The written text (the Kethib) reads “for the sound of the ram’s horn I have heard [or “you have heard,” if the form is understood as the old second feminine singular perfect] my soul” followed by “the battle cry” in the last line. The translation is based on taking “my soul” with the last line and understanding an elliptical expression “the battle cry [to] my soul.” Such an elliptical expression is in keeping with the elliptical nature of the exclamations at the beginning of the verse (cf. the literal translations of the first two lines of the verse in the notes on the words “stomach” and “heart”).