Job 15:22

15:22 He does not expect ¹  to escape from darkness; ² 

he is marked for the sword; ³ 

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus ⁴  people ⁵  were scorched by the terrible heat, ⁶  yet ⁷  they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority ⁸  over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

Revelation 16:11

16:11 They blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings ⁹  and because of their sores, ¹⁰  but nevertheless ¹¹  they still refused to repent ¹²  of their deeds.

Revelation 16:21

16:21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred pounds ¹³  each, fell from heaven ¹⁴  on people, ¹⁵  but they ¹⁶  blasphemed God because of the plague of hail, since it ¹⁷  was so horrendous. ¹⁸ 

¹ tn This is the meaning of the Hiphil imperfect negated: “he does not believe” or “he has no confidence.” It is followed by the infinitive construct functioning as the direct object – he does not expect to return (to escape) from darkness.

² sn In the context of these arguments, “darkness” probably refers to calamity, and so the wicked can expect a calamity that is final.

³ tn Heb “he is watched [or waited for] by the sword.” G. R. Driver reads it, “he is marked down for the sword” (“Problems in the Hebrew text of Job,” VTSup 3 [1955]: 78). Ewald suggested “laid up for the sword.” Ball has “looks for the sword.” The MT has a passive participle from צָפָה (tsafah, “to observe, watch”) which can be retained in the text; the meaning of the form can then be understood as the result of the inspection (E. Dhorme, Job, 217).

⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

⁵ tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

⁶ tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

⁸ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁹ tn Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [πόνος, ponos] as the last word in v. 11, here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain…Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. …because of their sufferings vs. 11.”

¹⁰ tn Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2).

¹¹ tn Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.

¹² tn Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.

¹³ tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.

¹⁴ tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.

¹⁵ tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).

¹⁶ tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.

¹⁷ tn Grk “the plague of it.”

¹⁸ tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”