9:13 God does not restrain his anger; 1
under him the helpers of Rahab 2 lie crushed. 3
31:8 Assyria will fall by a sword, but not one human-made; 6
a sword not made by humankind will destroy them. 7
They will run away from this sword 8
and their young men will be forced to do hard labor.
30:8 They will know that I am the Lord
when I ignite a fire in Egypt
and all her allies are defeated. 9
1 sn The meaning of the line is that God’s anger will continue until it has accomplished its purpose (23:13-14).
2 sn “Rahab” is not to be confused with the harlot of the same name from Jericho. “Rahab” is identified with Tiamat of the Babylonian creation epic, or Leviathan of the Canaanite myths. It is also used in parallelism to the sea (26:12), or the Red Sea (Ps 74:13), and so comes to symbolize Egypt (Isa 30:7). In the Babylonian Creation Epic there is reference to the helpers of Tiamat. In the Bible the reference is only to the raging sea, which the
3 tn The verb שָׁחַח (shakhakh) means “to be prostrate” or “to crouch.” Here the enemies are prostrate under the feet of God – they are crushed.
4 tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV).
5 sn This probably refers to the coastal region of Philistia (cf. TEV).
6 tn Heb “Assyria will fall by a sword, not of a man.”
7 tn Heb “and a sword not of humankind will devour him.”
8 tn Heb “he will flee for himself from before a sword.”
9 tn Heb “all who aid her are broken.”