1:8 Wail 1 like a young virgin 2 clothed in sackcloth,
lamenting the death of 3 her husband-to-be. 4
1:11 Be distressed, 5 farmers;
wail, vinedressers, over the wheat and the barley.
For the harvest of the field has perished.
1:14 Announce a holy fast; 6
proclaim a sacred assembly.
Gather the elders and 7 all the inhabitants of the land
to the temple of the Lord your God,
and cry out to the Lord.
1 sn The verb is feminine singular, raising a question concerning its intended antecedent. A plural verb would be expected here, the idea being that all the inhabitants of the land should grieve. Perhaps Joel is thinking specifically of the city of Jerusalem, albeit in a representative sense. The choice of the feminine singular verb form has probably been influenced to some extent by the allusion to the young widow in the simile of v. 8.
2 tn Or “a young woman” (TEV, CEV). See the note on the phrase “husband-to-be” in the next line.
3 tn Heb “over the death of.” The term “lamenting” does not appear in the Hebrew, but is supplied in the translation for smoothness.
4 sn Heb “the husband of her youth.” The woman described here may already be married, so the reference is to the death of a husband rather than a fiancé (a husband-to-be). Either way, the simile describes a painful and unexpected loss to which the national tragedy Joel is describing may be compared.
5 tn Heb “embarrassed”; or “be ashamed.”
6 tn Heb “consecrate a fast” (so NASB).
7 tc The conjunction “and” does not appear in MT or LXX, but does appear in some Qumran texts (4QXIIc and 4QXIIg).