1:47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and exclaimed, 9 “Look, a true Israelite in whom there is no deceit!” 10 1:48 Nathanael asked him, “How do you know me?” Jesus replied, 11 “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, 12 I saw you.” 1:49 Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king 13 of Israel!” 14 1:50 Jesus said to him, 15 “Because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 16 1:51 He continued, 17 “I tell all of you the solemn truth 18 – you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.” 19
1 sn Although the author thought of the town as in Galilee (12:21), Bethsaida technically was in Gaulanitis (Philip the Tetrarch’s territory) across from Herod’s Galilee. There may have been two places called Bethsaida, or this may merely reflect popular imprecision – locally it was considered part of Galilee, even though it was just east of the Jordan river. This territory was heavily Gentile (which may explain why Andrew and Philip both have Gentile names).
2 tn Probably ἀπό (apo) indicates “originally from” in the sense of birthplace rather than current residence; Mark 1:21, 29 seems to locate the home of Andrew and Peter at Capernaum. The entire remark (v. 44) amounts to a parenthetical comment by the author.
3 sn Nathanael is traditionally identified with Bartholomew (although John never describes him as such). He appears here after Philip, while in all lists of the twelve except in Acts 1:13, Bartholomew follows Philip. Also, the Aramaic Bar-tolmai means “son of Tolmai,” the surname; the man almost certainly had another name.
4 tn “Also” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
5 tn Grk “And Nathanael.”
6 tn Grk “said to him.”
7 sn Can anything good come out of Nazareth? may be a local proverb expressing jealousy among the towns.
8 tn Grk “And Philip said to him.”
9 tn Grk “said about him.”
10 tn Or “treachery.”
11 tn Grk “answered and said to him.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation to “replied.”
12 sn Many have speculated about what Nathanael was doing under the fig tree. Meditating on the Messiah who was to come? A good possibility, since the fig tree was used as shade for teaching or studying by the later rabbis (Ecclesiastes Rabbah 5:11). Also, the fig tree was symbolic for messianic peace and plenty (Mic 4:4, Zech 3:10.)
13 tn Although βασιλεύς (basileus) lacks the article it is definite due to contextual and syntactical considerations. See ExSyn 263.
14 sn Nathanael’s confession – You are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel – is best understood as a confession of Jesus’ messiahship. It has strong allusions to Ps 2:6-7, a well-known messianic psalm. What Nathanael’s exact understanding was at this point is hard to determine, but “son of God” was a designation for the Davidic king in the OT, and Nathanael parallels it with King of Israel here.
15 tn Grk “answered and said to him.” This has been simplified in the translation to “said to him.”
16 sn What are the greater things Jesus had in mind? In the narrative this forms an excellent foreshadowing of the miraculous signs which began at Cana of Galilee.
17 tn Grk “and he said to him.”
18 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
19 sn The title Son of Man appears 13 times in John’s Gospel. It is associated especially with the themes of crucifixion (3:14; 8:28), revelation (6:27; 6:53), and eschatological authority (5:27; 9:35). The title as used in John’s Gospel has for its background the son of man figure who appears in Dan 7:13-14 and is granted universal regal authority. Thus for the author, the emphasis in this title is not on Jesus’ humanity, but on his heavenly origin and divine authority.