John 19:13

19:13 When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus outside and sat down on the judgment seat ¹  in the place called “The Stone Pavement” ²  (Gabbatha in ³  Aramaic). ⁴ 

John 19:17

19:17 and carrying his own cross ⁵  he went out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” ⁶  (called in Aramaic ⁷  Golgotha). ⁸ 

John 19:20

19:20 Thus many of the Jewish residents of Jerusalem ⁹  read this notice, ¹⁰  because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice was written in Aramaic, ¹¹  Latin, and Greek.

¹ tn Or “the judge’s seat.”

² sn The precise location of the place called ‘The Stone Pavement’ is still uncertain, although a paved court on the lower level of the Fortress Antonia has been suggested. It is not certain whether it was laid prior to a.d. 135, however.

³ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

⁴ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

⁵ tn Or “carrying the cross by himself.”

⁶ sn Jesus was led out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” where he was to be crucified. It is clear from v. 20 that this was outside the city. The Latin word for the Greek κρανίον (kranion) is calvaria. Thus the English word “Calvary” is a transliteration of the Latin rather than a NT place name (cf. Luke 23:33 in the KJV).

⁷ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”

⁸ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

⁹ tn Grk “the Jews.” Here the phrase refers to the residents of Jerusalem in general. See also the note on the phrase Jewish religious leaders” in v. 7.

¹⁰ tn Or “this inscription.”

¹¹ tn Grk “in Hebrew.”