1 tn Or “perishes” (this might refer to spoiling, but is more focused on the temporary nature of this kind of food).
2 tn The referent (the food) has been specified for clarity by repeating the word “food” from the previous clause.
3 tn Grk “on this one.”
4 tn Grk “of the faith, the one [existing] in uncircumcision.”
5 tn Grk “that he might be,” giving the purpose of v. 11a.
6 tn Grk “through uncircumcision.”
7 tn Grk “in whom you also, when…” (continuing the sentence from v. 12).
8 tn Grk “in whom also having believed.” The relative pronoun “whom” has been replaced in the translation with its antecedent (“Christ”) to improve the clarity.
9 tn Or “you were sealed.”
10 tn Grk “the Holy Spirit of promise.” Here ἐπαγγελίας (epangelias, “of promise”) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
11 tn Or “first installment,” “pledge,” “deposit.”
12 tn Grk “the possession.”
13 tn Or “meekness.” The word is often used in Hellenistic Greek of the merciful execution of justice on behalf of those who have no voice by those who are in a position of authority (Matt 11:29; 21:5).
14 tn Or “putting up with”; or “forbearing.”
15 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.” The pendent dative is allowed to stand in the English translation because it is characteristic of the author’s style in Revelation.
16 tn Or “bright.” The Greek term λευκός (leukos) can refer either to the color white (traditional here) or to an object that is bright or shining, either from itself or from an outside source of illumination (L&N 14.50; 79.27).
17 tn On the interpretation of the stone, L&N 2.27 states, “A number of different suggestions have been made as to the reference of ψῆφος in this context. Some scholars believe that the white ψῆφος indicates a vote of acquittal in court. Others contend that it is simply a magical amulet; still others, a token of Roman hospitality; and finally, some have suggested that it may represent a ticket to the gladiatorial games, that is to say, to martyrdom. The context, however, suggests clearly that this is something to be prized and a type of reward for those who have ‘won the victory.’”
18 tn Or “know”; for the meaning “understand” see L&N 32.4.
19 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
20 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
21 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).
22 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
23 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).