Joshua 10:24

10:24 When they brought the kings out to Joshua, he ¹  summoned all the men of Israel and said to the commanders of the troops who accompanied him, “Come here ²  and put your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they came up ³  and put their feet on their necks.

Psalms 8:6

8:6 you appoint them to rule over your creation; ⁴ 

you have placed ⁵  everything under their authority, ⁶ 

Psalms 110:1

Psalm 110 ⁷ 

A psalm of David.

110:1 Here is the Lord’s proclamation ⁸  to my lord: ⁹ 

“Sit down at my right hand ¹⁰  until I make your enemies your footstool!” ¹¹ 

Malachi 4:3

4:3 You will trample on the wicked, for they will be like ashes under the soles of your feet on the day which I am preparing,” says the Lord who rules over all.

Malachi 4:1

4:1 (3:19) ¹²  “For indeed the day ¹³  is coming, burning like a furnace, and all the arrogant evildoers will be chaff. The coming day will burn them up,” says the Lord who rules over all. “It ¹⁴  will not leave even a root or branch.

Colossians 1:25

1:25 I became a servant of the church according to the stewardship ¹⁵  from God – given to me for you – in order to complete ¹⁶  the word of God,

Ephesians 1:22

1:22 And God ¹⁷  put ¹⁸  all things under Christ’s ¹⁹  feet, ²⁰  and he gave him to the church as head over all things. ²¹ 

¹ tn Heb “Joshua.” The translation has replaced the proper name with the pronoun (“he”) because a repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style.

² tn Or “Draw near.”

³ tn Or “drew near.”

⁴ tn Heb “you cause [i.e., “permit, allow”] him to rule over the works of your hands.”

⁵ tn The perfect verbal form probably has a present perfect nuance here. It refers to the continuing effects of God’s original mandate (see Gen 1:26-30).

⁶ tn Heb “under his feet.”

⁷ sn Psalm 110. In this royal psalm the psalmist announces God’s oracle to the Davidic king. The first part of the oracle appears in v. 1, the second in v. 4. In vv. 2-3 the psalmist addresses the king, while in vv. 5-7 he appears to address God.

⁸ tn The word נְאֻם (nÿ’um) is used frequently in the OT of a formal divine announcement through a prophet.

⁹ sn My lord. In the psalm’s original context the speaker is an unidentified prophetic voice in the royal court. In the course of time the psalm is applied to each successive king in the dynasty and ultimately to the ideal Davidic king. NT references to the psalm understand David to be speaking about his “lord,” the Messiah. (See Matt 22:43-45; Mark 12:36-37; Luke 20:42-44; Acts 2:34-35).

¹⁰ tn To sit at the “right hand” of the king was an honor (see 1 Kgs 2:19). In Ugaritic myth (CTA 4 v. 108-10) the artisan god Kothar-and Khasis is described as sitting at the right hand of the storm god Baal. See G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends, 61-62.

¹¹ sn When the Lord made his covenant with David, he promised to subdue the king’s enemies (see 2 Sam 7:9-11; Ps 89:22-23).

¹² sn Beginning with 4:1, the verse numbers through 4:6 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 4:1 ET = 3:19 HT, 4:2 ET = 3:20 HT, etc., through 4:6 ET = 3:24 HT. Thus the book of Malachi in the Hebrew Bible has only three chapters, with 24 verses in ch. 3.

¹³ sn This day is the well-known “day of the Lord” so pervasive in OT eschatological texts (see Joel 2:30-31; Amos 5:18; Obad 15). For the believer it is a day of grace and salvation; for the sinner, a day of judgment and destruction.

¹⁴ tn Heb “so that it” (so NASB, NRSV). For stylistic reasons a new sentence was begun here in the translation.

¹⁵ tn BDAG 697 s.v. οἰκονομία 1.b renders the term here as “divine office.”

¹⁶ tn See BDAG 828 s.v. πληρόω 3. The idea here seems to be that the apostle wants to “complete the word of God” in that he wants to preach it to every person in the known world (cf. Rom 15:19). See P. T. O’Brien, Colossians, Philemon (WBC), 82.

¹⁷ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁸ tn Grk “subjected.”

¹⁹ tn Grk “his”; the referent (Christ) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

²⁰ sn An allusion to Ps 8:6.

²¹ tn Grk “and he gave him as head over all things to the church.”