Joshua 10:28

Joshua Launches a Southern Campaign

10:28 That day Joshua captured Makkedah and put the sword to it and its king. He annihilated everyone who lived in it; he left no survivors. He did to its king what he had done to the king of Jericho. 1 

Genesis 9:5

9:5 For your lifeblood 2  I will surely exact punishment, 3  from 4  every living creature I will exact punishment. From each person 5  I will exact punishment for the life of the individual 6  since the man was his relative. 7 

Matthew 10:28

10:28 Do 8  not be afraid of those who kill the body 9  but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. 10 

1 map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.

2 tn Again the text uses apposition to clarify what kind of blood is being discussed: “your blood, [that is] for your life.” See C. L. Dewar, “The Biblical Use of the Term ‘Blood,’” JTS 4 (1953): 204-8.

3 tn The word “punishment” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarification. The verb דָּרָשׁ (darash) means “to require, to seek, to ask for, to exact.” Here it means that God will exact punishment for the taking of a life. See R. Mawdsley, “Capital Punishment in Gen. 9:6,” CentBib 18 (1975): 20-25.

4 tn Heb “from the hand of,” which means “out of the hand of” or “out of the power of” and is nearly identical in sense to the preposition מִן (min) alone.

5 tn Heb “and from the hand of the man.” The article has a generic function, indicating the class, i.e., humankind.

6 tn Heb “of the man.”

7 tn Heb “from the hand of a man, his brother.” The point is that God will require the blood of someone who kills, since the person killed is a relative (“brother”) of the killer. The language reflects Noah’s situation (after the flood everyone would be part of Noah’s extended family), but also supports the concept of the brotherhood of humankind. According to the Genesis account the entire human race descended from Noah.

8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

9 sn Judaism had a similar exhortation in 4 Macc 13:14-15.

10 sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.