Joshua 13:3-5

13:3 from the Shihor River ¹  east of ²  Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory), ³  including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land ⁴  13:4 to the south; ⁵  all the Canaanite territory, ⁶  from Arah ⁷  in the region of Sidon ⁸  to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 13:5 the territory of Byblos ⁹  and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath. ¹⁰ 

¹ tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.

² tn Heb “in front of.”

³ tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”

⁴ tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”

⁵ tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.

⁶ tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”

⁷ tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).

⁸ tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”

⁹ tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”

¹⁰ tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (lÿvo’) is taken to mean “entrance to.”