Joshua 5:11-15

5:11 They ate some of the produce of the land the day after the Passover, including unleavened bread and roasted grain. ¹  5:12 The manna stopped appearing the day they ate ²  some of the produce of the land; the Israelites never ate manna again. ³ 

Israel Conquers Jericho

5:13 When Joshua was near ⁴  Jericho, ⁵  he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him holding a drawn sword. ⁶  Joshua approached him and asked him, “Are you on our side or allied with our enemies?” ⁷  5:14 He answered, ⁸  “Truly I am the commander of the Lord’s army. ⁹  Now I have arrived!” ¹⁰  Joshua bowed down with his face to the ground ¹¹  and asked, “What does my master want to say to his servant?” 5:15 The commander of the Lord’s army answered Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet, because the place where you stand is holy.” Joshua did so.

¹ tn The Hebrew text adds, “on this same day.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has not been translated.

² tn Heb “the day after, when they ate.” The present translation assumes this means the day after the Passover, though it is possible it refers to the day after they began eating the land’s produce.

³ tn Heb “and the sons of Israel had no more manna.”

⁴ tn Heb “in.”

⁵ map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.

⁶ tn Heb “he lifted up his eyes and looked. And look, a man was standing in front of him, and his sword was drawn in his hand.” The verb הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) invites the reader to view the scene through Joshua’s eyes. By calling the stranger “a man,” the author reflects Joshua’s perspective. The text shortly reveals his true identity (vv. 14-15).

⁷ tn Heb “Are you for us or for our enemies?”

⁸ tc Heb “He said, “Neither.” An alternative reading is לוֹ (lo, “[He said] to him”; cf. NEB). This reading is supported by many Hebrew mss, as well as the LXX and Syriac versions. The traditional reading of the MT (לֹא, lo’, “no, neither”) is probably the product of aural confusion (the two variant readings sound the same in Hebrew). Although followed by a number of modern translations (cf. NIV, NRSV), this reading is problematic, for the commander of the Lord’s army would hardly have declared himself neutral.

⁹ sn The Lord’s heavenly army, like an earthly army, has a commander who leads the troops. For the phrase שַׂר־צְבָא (sar-tsÿva’, “army commander”) in the human sphere, see among many other references Gen 21:22, 32; 26:26; Judg 4:2, 7; 1 Sam 12:9.

¹⁰ sn The commander’s appearance seems to be for Joshua’s encouragement. Joshua could now lead Israel into battle knowing that the Lord’s invisible army would ensure victory.

¹¹ tn Heb “Joshua fell on his face to the ground and bowed down.”