8:5 The Lord spoke to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Extend your hand with your staff 4 over the rivers, over the canals, and over the ponds, and bring the frogs up over the land of Egypt.’”
15:25 for he stretches out his hand against God, 7
and vaunts himself 8 against the Almighty,
1 tn Heb “from the ambush.”
2 tn Heb “take possession of.”
3 tn Heb “Joshua did not draw back his hand which held out the curved sword until he had annihilated all the residents of Ai.”
4 sn After the instructions for Pharaoh (7:25-8:4), the plague now is brought on by the staff in Aaron’s hand (8:5-7). This will lead to the confrontation (vv. 8-11) and the hardening (vv. 12-15).
5 tn The two verbs in the temporal clauses are by וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (vÿhaya ka’asher, “as long as” or, “and it was that whenever”). This indicates that the two imperfect tenses should be given a frequentative translation, probably a customary imperfect.
6 tn Or “lower.”
7 sn The symbol of the outstretched hand is the picture of attempting to strike someone, or shaking a fist at someone; it is a symbol of a challenge or threat (see Isa 5:25; 9:21; 10:4).
8 tn The Hitpael of גָּבַר (gavar) means “to act with might” or “to behave like a hero.” The idea is that the wicked boldly vaunts himself before the