Leviticus 26:36

26:36 “‘As for ¹  the ones who remain among you, I will bring despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a blowing leaf will pursue them, and they will flee as one who flees the sword and fall down even though there is no pursuer.

Isaiah 51:17

51:17 Wake up! Wake up!

Get up, O Jerusalem!

You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you,

which was full of his anger! ² 

You drained dry

the goblet full of intoxicating wine. ³ 

Ezekiel 12:18-19

12:18 “Son of man, eat your bread with trembling, ⁴  and drink your water with anxious shaking. 12:19 Then say to the people of the land, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says about the inhabitants of Jerusalem and of the land of Israel: They will eat their bread with anxiety and drink their water in fright, for their land will be stripped bare of all it contains because of the violence of all who live in it.

Hosea 11:10-11

God Will Restore the Exiles to Israel

11:10 He will roar like a lion,

and they will follow the Lord;

when he roars,

his children will come trembling ⁵  from the west.

11:11 They will return in fear and trembling ⁶ 

like birds from Egypt,

like doves from Assyria,

and I will settle them in their homes,” declares the Lord.

Habakkuk 3:16

Habakkuk Declares His Confidence

3:16 I listened and my stomach churned; ⁷ 

the sound made my lips quiver.

My frame went limp, as if my bones were decaying, ⁸ 

and I shook as I tried to walk. ⁹ 

I long ¹⁰  for the day of distress

to come upon ¹¹  the people who attack us.

Luke 21:26

21:26 People will be fainting from fear ¹²  and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. ¹³ 

¹ tn Heb “And.”

² tn Heb “[you] who have drunk from the hand of the Lord the cup of his anger.”

³ tn Heb “the goblet, the cup [that causes] staggering, you drank, you drained.”

⁴ tn The Hebrew term normally refers to an earthquake (see 1 Kgs 19:11; Amos 1:1).

⁵ tn When the verb חָרַד (kharad, “to tremble”) is used with prepositions of direction, it denotes “to go or come trembling” (BDB 353 s.v. חָרַד 4; e.g., Gen 42:28; 1 Sam 13:7; 16:4; 21:2; Hos 11:10, 11). Thus, the phrase מִיָּם…וְיֶחֶרְדוּ (vÿyekherdu…miyyam) means “to come trembling from the west.” Cf. NAB “shall come frightened from the west.”

⁶ tn For the meaning of חָרַד (harad, “to tremble”) with prepositions of direction, see 11:10 above.

⁷ tn Heb “my insides trembled.”

⁸ tn Heb “decay entered my bones.”

⁹ tc Heb “beneath me I shook, which….” The Hebrew term אֲשֶׁר (’asher) appears to be a relative pronoun, but a relative pronoun does not fit here. The translation assumes a reading אֲשֻׁרָי (’ashuray, “my steps”) as well as an emendation of the preceding verb to a third plural form.

¹⁰ tn The translation assumes that אָנוּחַ (’anuakh) is from the otherwise unattested verb נָוָח (navakh, “sigh”; see HALOT 680 s.v. II נוח; so also NEB). Most take this verb as נוּחַ (nuakh, “to rest”) and translate, “I wait patiently” (cf. NIV).

¹¹ tn Heb “to come up toward.”

¹² tn According to L&N 23.184 this could be mainly a psychological experience rather than actual loss of consciousness. It could also refer to complete discouragement because of fear, leading people to give up hope (L&N 25.293).

¹³ sn An allusion to Isa 34:4. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.