23:2 He takes me to lush pastures, 8
he leads me to refreshing water. 9
23:6 Under his rule 10 Judah will enjoy safety 11
and Israel will live in security. 12
This is the name he will go by:
‘The Lord has provided us with justice.’ 13
30:10 So I, the Lord, tell you not to be afraid,
you descendants of Jacob, my servants. 14
Do not be terrified, people of Israel.
For I will rescue you and your descendants
from a faraway land where you are captives. 15
The descendants of Jacob will return to their land and enjoy peace.
They will be secure and no one will terrify them. 16
34:25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely 20 in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods. 21
4:4 Each will sit under his own grapevine
or under his own fig tree without any fear. 22
The Lord who commands armies has decreed it. 23
1 tn Heb “will reach for you the vintage season.”
2 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
3 tn Heb “to satisfaction”; KJV, ASV, NASB “to the full.”
4 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
5 tn Heb “and there will be no one who terrifies.” The words “to sleep” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Heb “harmful animal,” singular, but taken here as a collective plural (so almost all English versions).
7 tn Heb “no sword”; the words “of war” are supplied in the translation to indicate what the metaphor of the sword represents.
8 tn Heb “he makes me lie down in lush pastures.” The Hiphil verb יַרְבִּיצֵנִי (yarbitseniy) has a causative-modal nuance here (see IBHS 445-46 §27.5 on this use of the Hiphil), meaning “allows me to lie down” (see also Jer 33:12). The point is that the shepherd takes the sheep to lush pastures and lets them eat and rest there. Both imperfect verbal forms in v. 2 are generalizing and highlight the psalmist’s typical experience.
9 tn Both genitives in v. 2 indicate an attribute of the noun they modify: דֶּשֶׁא (deshe’) characterizes the pastures as “lush” (i.e., rich with vegetation), while מְנֻחוֹת (mÿnukhot) probably characterizes the water as refreshing. In this case the plural indicates an abstract quality. Some take מְנֻחוֹת in the sense of “still, calm” (i.e., as describing calm pools in contrast to dangerous torrents) but it is unlikely that such a pastoral scene is in view. Shepherds usually watered their sheep at wells (see Gen 29:2-3; Exod 2:16-19). Another option is to take מְנֻחוֹת as “resting places” and to translate, “water of/at the resting places” (i.e., a genitive of location; see IBHS 147-48 §9.5.2e).
10 tn Heb “In his days [= during the time he rules].”
11 tn Parallelism and context (cf. v. 4) suggest this nuance for the word often translated “be saved.” For this nuance elsewhere see Ps 119:117; Prov 28:18 for the verb (יָשַׁע [yasha’] in the Niphal); and Ps 12:6; Job 5:4, 11 for the related noun (יֶשַׁע, yesha’).
12 sn It should be noted that this brief oracle of deliverance implies the reunification of Israel and Judah under the future Davidic ruler. Jeremiah has already spoken about this reunification earlier in 3:18 and will have more to say about it in 30:3; 31:27, 31. This same ideal was espoused in the prophecies of Hosea (1:10-11 [2:1-2 HT]), Isaiah (11:1-4, 10-12), and Ezekiel (37:15-28) all of which have messianic and eschatological significance.
13 tn Heb “his name will be called ‘The
14 tn Heb “So do not be afraid, my servant Jacob, oracle of the
15 tn Heb “For I will rescue you from far away, your descendants from the land of their captivity.”
16 sn Compare the ideals of the Mosaic covenant in Lev 26:6, the Davidic covenant in 2 Sam 7:10-11, and the new covenant in Ezek 34:25-31.
17 tn For the translation of this term in this context see the parallel context in 23:6 and consult the translator’s note there.
18 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
19 tn Heb “And this is what will be called to it: ‘The
20 tn The phrase “live securely” occurs in Ezek 28:26; 38:8, 11, 14; 39:26 as an expression of freedom from fear. It is a promised blessing resulting from obedience (see Lev 26:5-6).
21 sn The woods were typically considered to be places of danger (Ps 104:20-21; Jer 5:6).
22 tn Heb “and there will be no one making [him] afraid.”
23 tn Heb “for the mouth of the
24 tn Heb “under the vine and under the fig tree,” with the Hebrew article used twice as a possessive pronoun (cf. NASB “his”). Some English translations render this as second person rather than third (NRSV “your vine”; cf. also NAB, NCV, TEV).