16:3 “In this way Aaron is to enter into the sanctuary – with a young bull 3 for a sin offering 4 and a ram for a burnt offering. 5
23:4 “‘These are the Lord’s appointed times, holy assemblies, which you must proclaim at their appointed time.
27:30 “‘Any tithe 24 of the land, from the grain of the land or from the fruit of the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord.
1 tn Heb “and,” but regarding the translation “as well as,” see the note at the end of v. 9.
2 sn The two pairs of categories in this verse refer to: (1) the status of a person, place, thing, or time – “holy” (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) versus “common” (חֹל, khol); as opposed to (2) the condition of a person, place, or thing – “unclean” (טָמֵא, tame’) versus “clean” (טָהוֹר, tahor). Someone or something could gain “holy” status by being “consecrated” (i.e., made holy; e.g., the Hebrew Piel קִדֵּשׁ (qiddesh) in Lev 8:15, 30), and to treat someone or something that was holy as if it were “common” would be to “profane” that person or thing (the Hebrew Piel הִלֵּל [hillel], e.g., in Lev 19:29 and 22:15). Similarly, on another level, someone or something could be in a “clean” condition, but one could “defile” (the Hebrew Piel טִמֵּא [timme’], e.g., in Gen 34:5 and Num 6:9) that person or thing and thereby make it “unclean.” To “purify” (the Hebrew Piel טִהֵר [tiher], e.g., in Lev 16:19 and Num 8:6, 15) that unclean person or thing would be to make it “clean” once again. With regard to the animals (Lev 11), some were by nature “unclean,” so they could never be eaten, but others were by nature “clean” and, therefore, edible (Lev 11:2, 46-47). The meat of clean animals could become inedible by too long of a delay in eating it, in which case the Hebrew term פִּגּוּל (pigul) “foul, spoiled” is used to describe it (Lev 7:18; 19:7; cf. also Ezek 4:14 and Isa 65:4), not the term for “unclean” (טָהוֹר, tahor). Strictly speaking, therefore, unclean meat never becomes clean, and clean meat never becomes unclean.
3 tn Heb “with a bull, a son of the herd.”
4 sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”
5 sn For the “burnt offering” see the note on Lev 1:3.
5 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
6 sn Regarding “profaned,” see the note on Lev 10:10 above.
7 tn Heb “the holiness of the
8 sn On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.
7 tn Heb “And a daughter of a priest, if she is to a man, a stranger” (cf. the note on v. 10 above).
8 tn Heb “she in the contribution of the holy offerings shall not eat.” For “contribution [offering]” see the note on Lev 7:14 and the literature cited there. Cf. NCV “the holy offerings”; TEV, NLT “the sacred offerings.”
9 tn Contextually, “They” could refer either to the people (v. 14a; cf. NRSV “No one”) or the priests (v. 14b; cf. NIV “The priests”), but the latter seems more likely (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 356, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 150). The priests were responsible to see that the portions of the offerings that were to be consumed by the priests as prebends did not become accessible to the people. Mistakes in this matter (cf. v. 14) would bring “guilt” on the people, requiring punishment (v. 16).
10 tn The Hebrew verb הֵרִים (herim, rendered “contribute” here) is commonly used for setting aside portions of an offering (see, e.g., Lev 4:8-10 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-36).
11 tn Heb “the holy offerings of the sons of Israel which they contribute to the
11 tn Heb “iniquity of guilt”; NASB “cause them to bear punishment for guilt.” The Hebrew word עָוֹן (’avon, “iniquity”) can designate either acts of iniquity or the penalty (i.e., punishment) for such acts.
12 sn That is, when the lay people eat portions of offerings that should have been eaten only by priests and those who belonged to priestly households.
13 tn Heb “work of service”; KJV “servile work”; NASB “laborious work”; TEV “daily work.”
15 tn Heb “work of service”; KJV “servile work”; NASB “laborious work”; TEV “daily work.”
17 tn That is, the produce of the land (fem.; cf. v. 7 above).
19 tn Heb “When it goes out” (cf. Lev 25:25-34).
20 tn Heb “like the field of the permanent dedication.” The Hebrew word חֵרֶם (kherem) is a much discussed term. In this and the following verses it refers in a general way to the fact that something is permanently devoted to the
21 tn Heb “to the priest it shall be his property.”
21 tn See the note on Lev 5:15.
23 tn On the “tithe” system in Israel, see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:1035-55 and esp. pp. 1041-42 on Lev 27:30-33.