4:13 “‘If the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally 7 and the matter is not noticed by 8 the assembly, and they violate one of the Lord’s commandments, which must not be violated, 9 so they become guilty,
20:17 “‘If a man has sexual intercourse with 32 his sister, whether the daughter of his father or his mother, so that he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. 33 He has exposed his sister’s nakedness; he will bear his punishment for iniquity. 34
1 tn Heb “it was good in his eyes” (an idiom). Cf. KJV “he was content”; NLT “he approved.”
2 tn Heb “in the man [אָדָם, ’adam].”
3 tn Heb “just as he inflicts an injury…it must be inflicted on him.” The referent (“that same injury”) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 tn Heb “be with him”; the referent (the one who bought him) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn Heb “As a hired worker year in year.”
5 tn Heb “He”; the referent (the one who bought him) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn Heb “strays”; KJV “sin through ignorance.” The verb “strays” here is the verbal form of the noun in the expression “by straying” (see the note on Lev 4:2 above).
5 tn Heb “is concealed from the eyes of”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “escapes the notice of.”
6 tn Heb “and they do one from all the commandments of the
5 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
6 tn Heb “the infection has stood in his eyes”; ASV “if in his eyes the plague be at a stay.”
7 tn Although there is no expressed “and” at the beginning of this clause, there is in the corresponding clause of v. 6, so it should be assumed here as well.
8 tn Heb “a second seven days.”
6 tn Heb “And if spreading [infinitive absolute] it spreads out [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
7 tn Heb “all the skin of the infection,” but see v. 4 above.
8 tn Heb “to all the appearance of the eyes of the priest.”
7 tn Heb “and if in his eyes the infection has stood.”
8 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above).
8 tn Heb “And if shutting [infinitive absolute] they shut [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
9 tn Heb “from that man” (so ASV); NASB “disregard that man.”
9 tn Heb “thin”; cf. NAB “weakly.” This could refer to either an exceptionally small (i.e., dwarfed) man (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 146) or perhaps one with a “withered limb” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 342, 344).
10 tn The term rendered “spot” derives from a root meaning “mixed” or “confused” (cf. NAB “walleyed”). It apparently refers to any kind of marked flaw in the eye that can be seen by others. Smr, Syriac, Tg. Onq., and Tg. Ps.-J. have plural “his eyes.”
11 tn The exact meaning and medical reference of the terms rendered “festering eruption” and “feverish rash” is unknown, but see the translations and remarks in B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 146; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 342, 344, 349-50; and R. K. Harrison, NIDOTTE 1:890 and 2:461.
10 tn Heb “covenant of former ones.”
11 tn Or “Behold!” (so KJV, ASV, NASB); NRSV “See.”
12 tn Heb “today they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the
12 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
13 tn Heb “the infection has not changed its eye.” Smr has “its/his eyes,” as in vv. 5 and 37, but here it refers to the appearance of the article of cloth or leather, unlike vv. 5 and 37 where there is a preposition attached and it refers to the eyes of the priest.
14 tn The terms “back side” and “front side” are the same as those used in v. 42 for the “back or front bald area” of a man’s head. The exact meaning of these terms when applied to articles of cloth or leather is uncertain. It could refer, for example, to the inside versus the outside of a garment, or the back versus the front side of an article of cloth or leather. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:814, for various possibilities.
13 tn Heb “And it shall be on the seventh day.”
14 tn Heb “and he shall be clean” (see the note on v. 8).
14 tn Heb “takes.” The verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse,” though some English versions translate it as “marry” (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV).
15 tn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20.
16 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
15 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
16 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
17 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
18 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.