19:23 “‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, 4 you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. 5 Three years it will be forbidden to you; 6 it must not be eaten.
20:22 “‘You must be sure to obey all my statutes and regulations, 11 so that 12 the land to which I am about to bring you to take up residence there does not vomit you out.
23:39 “‘On 19 the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you must celebrate a pilgrim festival of the Lord for seven days. On the first day is a complete rest and on the eighth day is complete rest.
26:1 “‘You must not make for yourselves idols, 24 so you must not set up for yourselves a carved image or a pillar, and you must not place a sculpted stone in your land to bow down before 25 it, for I am the Lord your God.
1 tn Heb “which to it are lower legs from above to its feet” (reading the Qere “to it” rather than the Kethib “not”).
2 tn Heb “goes” (KJV, ASV “goeth”); NIV “moves about”; NLT “slither along.” The same Hebrew term is translated “walks” in the following clause.
3 tn Heb “until all multiplying of legs.”
3 tn Heb “tree of food”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “trees for food.”
4 tn Heb “you shall circumcise its fruit [as] its foreskin,” taking the fruit to be that which is to be removed and, therefore, forbidden. Since the fruit is uncircumcised it is forbidden (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306, and esp. B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 131-32).
5 tn Heb “it shall be to you uncircumcised.”
4 tn Heb “or from the sojourner who sojourns”; NAB “an alien residing in Israel.”
5 tn Heb “his seed” (so KJV, ASV); likewise in vv. 3-4.
6 tn Regarding Molech and Molech worship see the note on Lev 18:21.
7 tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning (see instead סָקַל, saqal), but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (רָגָם, ragam; see HALOT 1187 s.v. רגם qal.a, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 136).
5 tn Heb “And you shall keep all my statutes and all my regulations and you shall do them.” This appears to be a kind of verbal hendiadys, where the first verb is a modifier of the action of the second verb (see GKC 386 §120.d, although שָׁמַר [shamar, “to keep”] is not cited there; cf. Lev 22:31, etc.).
6 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
6 tc Here and with the same phrase in v. 26, the LXX adds “all,” resulting in the reading “all the peoples.”
7 tn Heb “and you harvest its harvest.”
8 tn Heb “the sheaf of the first of your harvest.”
8 tn Heb “And when you harvest the harvest.”
9 tn Heb “you shall not complete the corner of your field in your harvest.”
10 sn Compare Lev 19:9-10.
9 tn Heb “Surely on the fifteenth day.” The Hebrew adverbial particle אַךְ (’akh) is left untranslated by most recent English versions; however, cf. NASB “On exactly the fifteenth day.”
10 tn Heb “the year of the fifty years,” or perhaps “the year, fifty years” (GKC 435 §134.o, note 2).
11 tn Cf. KJV, ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV “liberty”; TEV, CEV “freedom.” The characteristics of this “release” are detailed in the following verses. For substantial summaries and bibliography on the biblical and ancient Near Eastern material regarding such a “release” see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 427-34, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 270-74.
12 tn Heb “A jubilee that shall be to you.” Although there has been some significant debate about the original meaning of the Hebrew word translated “jubilee” (יוֹבֵל, yovel; see the summary in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 434), the term most likely means “ram” and can refer also to a “ram’s horn.” The fiftieth year would, therefore, be called the “jubilee” because of the associated sounding of the “ram’s horn” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 172, and the literature cited there).
13 tn Heb “you [plural] shall return, a man.”
11 sn For the literature regarding the difficult etymology and meaning of the term for “idols” (אֱלִילִם, ’elilim), see the literature cited in the note on Lev 19:4. It appears to be a diminutive play on words with אֵל (’el, “god, God”) and, perhaps at the same time, recalls a common Semitic word for “worthless, weak, powerless, nothingness.” Snaith suggests a rendering of “worthless godlings.”
12 tn Heb “on.” The “sculpted stone” appears to be some sort of stone with images carved into (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 181, and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 449).
12 tn Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).
13 tn The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav (ו) here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.
14 tn The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC 182 §67.y; cf. v. 34).
15 tn Heb “from them.”
16 tn Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav) for emphasis (GKC 492 §158.b).
17 tn Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”