15:19 “‘When a woman has a discharge 15 and her discharge is blood from her body, 16 she is to be in her menstruation 17 seven days, and anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening.
17:10 “‘Any man 20 from the house of Israel or from the foreigners who reside 21 in their 22 midst who eats any blood, I will set my face against that person who eats the blood, and I will cut him off from the midst of his people, 23
1 tn Heb “all/any person from you shall not eat blood.”
2 tn Heb “and the sojourner, the one sojourning in your midst, shall not eat blood.”
3 tn Heb “and any blood you must not eat in any of your dwelling places, to the bird and to the animal.”
5 tn The words “This is” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied due to requirements of English style.
6 tn Heb “for your generations”; NAB “for your descendants”; NLT “for you and all your descendants.”
7 tn Heb “all fat and all blood you must not eat.”
7 sn See the note on Lev 7:20.
9 tn The term רָכִיל (rakhil) is traditionally rendered “slanderer” here (so NASB, NIV, NRSV; see also J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 304, 316), but the exact meaning is uncertain (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129). It is sometimes related to I רָכַל (“to go about as a trader [or “merchant”]”; BDB 940 s.v. רָכַל), and taken to refer to cutthroat business dealings, but there may be a II רָכַל, the meaning of which is dubious (HALOT 1237 s.v. II *רכל). Some would render it “to go about as a spy.”
10 tn Heb “You shall not stand on the blood of your neighbor.” This part of the verse is also difficult to interpret. The rendering here suggests that one will not allow a neighbor to be victimized, whether in court (cf. v. 15) or in any other situation (see the discussion in B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 129).
11 tn Smr and LXX add after “tent of meeting” the following: “to make it a burnt offering or a peace offering to the
12 tc Smr includes the suffix “it,” which is needed in any case in the translation to conform to English style.
13 sn The exact meaning of this penalty clause is not certain. It could mean (1) that he will be executed, whether by God or by man, (2) that he will be excommunicated from sanctuary worship and/or community benefits, or (3) that his line will be terminated by God (i.e., extirpation). See also the note on Lev 7:20.
13 tn Here the Hebrew text reads “offering” (קָרְבָּן, qorbban), not “grain offering” (מִנְחָה, minkhah), but in this context the term refers once again to the list in 7:12.
14 tn The term rendered “contribution offering” is תְּרוּמָה (tÿrumah), which generally refers to that which is set aside from the offerings to the
15 tn See the note on Lev 15:2 above.
16 tn Heb “blood shall be her discharge in her flesh.” The term “flesh” here refers euphemistically to the female sexual area (cf. the note on v. 2 above).
17 tn See the note on Lev 12:2 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:925-27.
17 tn Heb “on his hand.”
19 tn Heb “on his hand.”
21 tn Heb “And man, man.” The repetition of the word “man” is distributive, meaning “any (or every) man” (GKC 395-96 §123.c; cf. Lev 15:2).
22 tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”
23 tc The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate have “your” (plural) rather than “their.”
24 tn Heb “I will give my faces against [literally “in”] the soul/person/life [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh, feminine] who eats the blood and I will cut it [i.e., that נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] off from the midst of its people.” The uses of נֶפֶשׁ in this and the following verse are most significant for the use of animal blood in Israel’s sacrificial system. Unfortunately, it is a most difficult word to translate accurately and consistently, and this presents a major problem for the rendering of these verses (see, e.g., G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 244-45). No matter which translation of נֶפֶשׁ one uses here, it is important to see that both man and animal have נֶפֶשׁ and that this נֶפֶשׁ is identified with the blood. See the further remarks on v. 11 below. On the “cutting off” penalty see the note on v. 4 above. In this instance, God takes it on himself to “cut off” the person (i.e., extirpation).
23 tn Heb “for the life/soul (נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh) of all flesh, its blood in its life/soul (נֶפֶשׁ) it is.” The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate leave out “in its life/soul,” which would naturally yield “for the life of all flesh, its blood it is” (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 261, 263). The present translation is something of an oversimplification, but the meaning is basically the same in any case. Cf. NRSV “For the life of every creature – its blood is its life.”
24 tn Heb “of all flesh” (also later in this verse). See the note on “every living thing” in v. 11.
25 tn For remarks on the “cut off” penalty see the note on v. 4 above.