23:9 “You must not oppress 2 a foreigner, since you know the life 3 of a foreigner, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
1 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
2 tn The verb means “to crush.” S. R. Driver notes that in this context this would probably mean with an unfair judgment in the courts (Exodus, 239).
3 tn Heb “soul, life” – “you know what it feels like.”
4 tn Or “who executes justice for” (so NAB, NRSV); NLT “gives justice to.”
5 sn This is a vague allusion to people described in scripture and extra-biblical literature and may include Abraham and Sarah (Gen 18:2-15), Lot (Gen 19:1-14), Gideon (Judg 6:11-18), Manoah (Judg 13:3-22), and possibly Tobit (Tob 12:1-20).