2:14 “‘If you present a grain offering of first ripe grain to the Lord, you must present your grain offering of first ripe grain as soft kernels roasted in fire – crushed bits of fresh grain. 1
13:45 “As for the diseased person who has the infection, 20 his clothes must be torn, the hair of his head must be unbound, he must cover his mustache, 21 and he must call out ‘Unclean! Unclean!’
14:48 “If, however, the priest enters 23 and examines it, and the 24 infection has not spread in the house after the house has been replastered, then the priest is to pronounce the house clean because the infection has been healed.
1 tn The translation of this whole section of the clause is difficult. Theoretically, it could describe one, two, or three different ways of preparing first ripe grain offerings (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 27). The translation here takes it as a description of only one kind of prepared grain. This is suggested by the fact that v. 16 uses only one term “crushed bits” (גֶּרֶשׂ, geres) to refer back to the grain as it is prepared in v. 14 (a more technical translation is “groats”; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:178, 194). Cf. NAB “fresh grits of new ears of grain”; NRSV “coarse new grain from fresh ears.”
2 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
3 tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).
4 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
5 tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).
3 tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.
4 tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”
4 tn Heb “and he” (i.e., the priest mentioned at the end of v. 6). The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 sn See the note on Lev 1:4 “make atonement.” The purpose of sin offering “atonement,” in particular, was to purge impurities from the tabernacle (see Lev 15:31 and 16:5-19, 29-34), whether they were caused by physical uncleannesses or by sins and iniquities. In this case, the woman has not “sinned” morally by having a child. Even Mary brought such offerings for giving birth to Jesus (Luke 2:22-24), though she certainly did not “sin” in giving birth to him. Note that the result of bringing this “sin offering” was “she will be clean,” not “she will be forgiven” (cf. Lev 4:20, 26, 31, 35; 5:10, 13). The impurity of the blood flow has caused the need for this “sin offering,” not some moral or relational infringement of the law (contrast Lev 4:2, “When a person sins by straying unintentionally from any of the commandments of the
6 tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”
7 tn Heb “from her source [i.e., spring] of blood,” possibly referring to the female genital area, not just the “flow of blood” itself (as suggested by J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:761). Cf. ASV “from the fountain of her blood.”
5 tn Heb “And if spreading [infinitive absolute] it spreads out [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
6 tn Heb “all the skin of the infection,” but see v. 4 above.
7 tn Heb “to all the appearance of the eyes of the priest.”
6 tn Heb “and if.”
7 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “and indeed.”
8 tn Heb “and low it is not ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “lower than”) the skin.” See the note on v. 20 above. Cf. TEV “not deeper than the surrounding skin.”
9 tn Heb “and the priest will shut him up seven days.”
7 tn Heb “And the diseased one who in him is the infection.”
8 tn Heb “and his head shall be unbound, and he shall cover on [his] mustache.” Tearing one’s clothing, allowing the hair to hang loose rather than bound up in a turban, and covering the mustache on the upper lip are all ways of expressing shame, grief, or distress (cf., e.g., Lev 10:6 and Micah 3:7).
8 tn Heb “and the infection is.” This clause is conditional in force, and is translated as such by almost all English versions.
9 tn Heb “And if the priest entering [infinitive absolute] enters [finite verb]” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.
10 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “and the mark has not indeed spread.”
10 tn Heb “Your animals, you shall not cross-breed two different kinds.”
11 tn Heb “you shall not cause to go up on you.”
12 sn Cf. Deut 22:11 where the Hebrew term translated “two different kinds” (כִּלְאַיִם, kil’ayim) refers to a mixture of linen and wool woven together in a garment.
11 tn Heb “until the bone of this day.”
12 tn Heb “for your generations.”
12 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
13 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
14 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
15 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.
13 tn Heb “vengeance of covenant”; cf. NAB “the avenger of my covenant.”
14 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has a concessive force in this context.
15 tn Heb “in hand of enemy,” but Tg. Ps.-J. and Tg. Neof. have “in the hands of your enemies” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 454).
14 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause him to be valued.”
15 tn Heb “on the mouth which the hand of the one who vowed reaches.”