Leviticus 25:13

Release of Landed Property

25:13 “‘In this year of jubilee you must each return ¹  to your property.

Leviticus 25:26-28

25:26 If a man has no redeemer, but he prospers ²  and gains enough for its redemption, ³  25:27 he is to calculate the value of the years it was sold, ⁴  refund the balance ⁵  to the man to whom he had sold it, and return to his property. 25:28 If he has not prospered enough to refund ⁶  a balance to him, then what he sold ⁷  will belong to ⁸  the one who bought it until the jubilee year, but it must revert ⁹  in the jubilee and the original owner ¹⁰  may return to his property.

Leviticus 25:33-34

25:33 Whatever someone among the Levites might redeem – the sale of a house which is his property in a city – must revert in the jubilee, ¹¹  because the houses of the cities of the Levites are their property in the midst of the Israelites. 25:34 Moreover, ¹²  the open field areas of their cities ¹³  must not be sold, because that is their perpetual possession.

Leviticus 27:17-24

27:17 If he consecrates his field in the jubilee year, ¹⁴  the conversion value will stand, 27:18 but if ¹⁵  he consecrates his field after the jubilee, the priest will calculate the price ¹⁶  for him according to the years that are left until the next jubilee year, and it will be deducted from the conversion value. 27:19 If, however, the one who consecrated the field redeems it, ¹⁷  he must add to it one fifth of the conversion price ¹⁸  and it will belong to him. ¹⁹  27:20 If he does not redeem the field, but sells ²⁰  the field to someone else, he may never redeem it. 27:21 When it reverts ²¹  in the jubilee, the field will be holy to the Lord like a permanently dedicated field; ²²  it will become the priest’s property. ²³ 

27:22 “‘If he consecrates to the Lord a field he has purchased, ²⁴  which is not part of his own landed property, 27:23 the priest will calculate for him the amount of its conversion value until the jubilee year, and he must pay ²⁵  the conversion value on that jubilee day as something that is holy to the Lord. 27:24 In the jubilee year the field will return to the one from whom he bought it, the one to whom it belongs as landed property.

¹ tn Heb “you [plural] shall return, a man.”

² tn Heb “and his hand reaches.”

³ tn Heb “and he finds as sufficiency of its redemption.”

⁴ tn Heb “and he shall calculate its years of sale.”

⁵ tn Heb “and return the excess.”

⁶ tn Heb “And if his hand has not found sufficiency of returning.” Although some versions take this to mean that he has not made enough to regain the land (e.g., NASB, NRSV; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176), the combination of terms in Hebrew corresponds to the portion of v. 27 that refers specifically to refunding the money (cf. v. 27; see NIV and G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 315).

⁷ tn Heb “his sale.”

⁸ tn Heb “will be in the hand of.” This refers to the temporary control of the one who purchased its produce until the next year of jubilee, at which time it would revert to the original owner.

⁹ tn Heb “it shall go out” (so KJV, ASV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176).

¹⁰ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the original owner of the land) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹¹ tn Heb “And which he shall redeem from the Levites shall go out, sale of house and city, his property in the jubilee.” Although the end of this verse is clear, the first part is notoriously difficult. There are five main views. (1) The first clause of the verse actually attaches to the previous verse, and refers to the fact that their houses retain a perpetual right of redemption (v. 32b), “which any of the Levites may exercise” (v. 33a; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 418, 421). (2) It refers to property that one Levite sells to another Levite, which is then redeemed by still another Levite (v. 33a). In such cases, the property reverts to the original Levite owner in the jubilee year (v. 33b; G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 321). (3) It refers to houses in a city that had come to be declared as a Levitical city but had original non-Levitical owners. Once the city was declared to belong to the Levites, however, an owner could only sell his house to a Levite, and he could only redeem it back from a Levite up until the time of the first jubilee after the city was declared to be a Levitical city. In this case the first part of the verse would be translated, “Such property as may be redeemed from the Levites” (NRSV, NJPS). At the first jubilee, however, all such houses became the property of the Levites (v. 33b; P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 353). (4) It refers to property “which is appropriated from the Levites” (not “redeemed from the Levites,” v. 33a) by those who have bought it or taken it as security for debts owed to them by Levites who had fallen on bad times. Again, such property reverts back to the original Levite owners at the jubilee (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 177). (5) It simply refers to the fact that a Levite has the option of redeeming his house (i.e., the prefix form of the verb is taken to be subjunctive, “may or might redeem”), which he had to sell because he had fallen into debt or perhaps even become destitute. Even if he never gained the resources to do so, however, it would still revert to him in the jubilee year. The present translation is intended to reflect this latter view.

¹² tn Heb “And.”

¹³ sn This refers to the region of fields just outside and surrounding the city where cattle were kept and garden crops were grown (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 177).

¹⁴ tn Heb “from the year of the jubilee.” For the meaning of “jubilee,” see the note on Lev 25:10 above.

¹⁵ tn Heb “And if.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here.

¹⁶ tn Heb “the silver.”

¹⁷ tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems [finite verb] the field, the one who consecrated it.” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

¹⁸ tn Heb “the silver of the conversion value.”

¹⁹ tn Heb “and it shall rise to him.” See HALOT 1087 s.v. קום 7 for the rendering offered here, but see also the note on the end of v. 14 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 476, 478).

²⁰ tn Heb “and if he sells.”

²¹ tn Heb “When it goes out” (cf. Lev 25:25-34).

²² tn Heb “like the field of the permanent dedication.” The Hebrew word חֵרֶם (kherem) is a much discussed term. In this and the following verses it refers in a general way to the fact that something is permanently devoted to the Lord and therefore cannot be redeemed (cf. v. 20b). See J. A. Naudé, NIDOTTE 2:276-77; N. Lohfink, TDOT 5:180-99, esp. pp. 184, 188, and 198-99; and the numerous explanations in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 483-85.

²³ tn Heb “to the priest it shall be his property.”

²⁴ tn Heb “his field of purchase,” which is to be distinguished from his own ancestral “landed property” (cf. v. 16 above).

²⁵ tn Heb “give” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NLT).