Leviticus 4:27

For the Common Person

4:27 “‘If an ordinary individual ¹  sins by straying unintentionally ²  when he violates one of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated, ³  and he pleads guilty

Leviticus 7:7

7:7 The law is the same for the sin offering and the guilt offering; ⁴  it belongs to the priest who makes atonement with it.

Leviticus 8:26

8:26 and from the basket of unleavened bread that was before the Lord he took one unleavened loaf, one loaf of bread mixed with olive oil, and one wafer, ⁵  and placed them on the fat parts and on the right thigh.

Leviticus 4:13

For the Whole Congregation

4:13 “‘If the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally ⁶  and the matter is not noticed by ⁷  the assembly, and they violate one of the Lord’s commandments, which must not be violated, ⁸  so they become guilty,

Leviticus 4:22

For the Leader

4:22 “‘Whenever ⁹  a leader, by straying unintentionally, ¹⁰  sins and violates one of the commandments of the Lord his God which must not be violated, ¹¹  and he pleads guilty,

Leviticus 5:17

Unknown trespass

5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated ¹²  (although he did not know it at the time, ¹³  but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity ¹⁴ 

Leviticus 6:3

6:3 or has found something lost and denies it and swears falsely ¹⁵  concerning any one of the things that someone might do to sin ¹⁶  –

Leviticus 6:7

6:7 So the priest will make atonement ¹⁷  on his behalf before the Lord and he will be forgiven ¹⁸  for whatever he has done to become guilty.” ¹⁹ 

Leviticus 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ²⁰  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ²¹  and one log of olive oil, ²² 

Leviticus 16:34

16:34 This is to be a perpetual statute for you ²³  to make atonement for the Israelites for ²⁴  all their sins once a year.” ²⁵  So he did just as the Lord had commanded Moses. ²⁶ 

¹ tn Heb “an individual from the people of the land”; cf. NASB “anyone of the common people” (KJV, ASV both similar); NAB “a private person.”

² tn Heb “If one person sins by straying, from the people of the land.” See Lev 4:2 for a note on “straying.”

³ tn Heb “by doing it, one from the commandments of the Lord which must not be done.”

⁴ tn Heb “like the sin offering like the guilt offering, one law to them.”

⁷ tn See Lev 2:4.

¹⁰ tn Heb “strays”; KJV “sin through ignorance.” The verb “strays” here is the verbal form of the noun in the expression “by straying” (see the note on Lev 4:2 above).

¹¹ tn Heb “is concealed from the eyes of”; NASB, NRSV, NLT “escapes the notice of.”

¹² tn Heb “and they do one from all the commandments of the Lord which must not be done” (cf. v. 2).

¹³ tn This section begins with the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (’asher) which usually means “who” or “which,” but here means “whenever.”

¹⁴ tn See the Lev 4:2 note on “straying.”

¹⁵ tn Heb “and does one from all the commandments of the Lord his God which must not be done”; cf. NRSV “ought not to be done”; NIV “does what is forbidden in any of the commands.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the Lord which must not be done.”

¹⁷ tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.

¹⁸ tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the Lord’s commandments, but then came to know it and dealt with it accordingly (cf. the corresponding sin offering section in Lev 5:1-4). Another possibility is that it refers to a situation where a person suspects that he violated something although he does not recollect it. Thus, he brings a guilt offering for his suspected violation (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:331-34, 361-63). See also R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:561-62.

¹⁹ tn Heb “and swears on falsehood”; cf. CEV “deny something while under oath.”

²⁰ tn Heb “on one from all which the man shall do to sin in them.”

²² sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.

²³ tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

²⁴ tn Heb “on one from all which he does to become guilty in it”; NAB “whatever guilt he may have incurred.”

²⁵ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

²⁶ tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

²⁷ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

²⁸ tn Heb “And this shall be for you to a statute of eternity” (cf. v. 29a above). cf. NASB “a permanent statute”; NIV “a lasting ordinance.”

²⁹ tn Heb “from”; see note on 4:26.

³⁰ tn Heb “one [feminine] in the year.”

³¹ tn The MT of Lev 16:34b reads literally, “and he did just as the Lord had commanded Moses.” This has been retained here in spite of the fact that it suggests that Aaron immediately performed the rituals outlined in Lev 16 (see, e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 224 and 243; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:1059; note that Aaron was the one to whom Moses was to speak the regulations in this chapter, v. 2). The problem is that the chapter presents these procedures as regulations for “the tenth day of the seventh month” and calls for their fulfillment at that time (Lev 16:29; cf. Lev 23:26-32 and the remarks in P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 237), not during the current (first) month (Exod 40:2; note also that they left Sinai in the second month, long before the next seventh month, Num 10:11). The LXX translates, “once in the year it shall be done as the Lord commanded Moses,” attaching “once in the year” to this clause rather than the former one, and rendering the verb as passive, “it shall be done” (cf. NAB, NIV, etc.). We have already observed the passive use of active verbs in this context (see the note on v. 32 above). The RSV (cf. also the NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT) translates, “And Moses did as the Lord commanded him,” ignoring the fact that the name Moses in the Hebrew text has the direct object indicator. Passive verbs, however, regularly take subjects with direct object indicators (see, e.g., v. 27 above). The NIV renders it “And it was done, as the Lord commanded Moses,” following the LXX passive translation. The NASB translates, “And just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so he did,” transposing the introductory verb to the end of the sentence and supplying “so” in order to make it fit the context.