5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated 10 (although he did not know it at the time, 11 but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity 12 5:18 and must bring a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels, 13 for a guilt offering to the priest. So the priest will make atonement 14 on his behalf for his error which he committed 15 (although he himself had not known it) and he will be forgiven. 16 5:19 It is a guilt offering; he was surely guilty before the Lord.”
1 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the
2 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
3 sn Heb “from the holy things of the
4 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
5 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).
6 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.
7 tn Heb “and which he sinned from the holy thing.”
8 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
9 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
10 tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the
11 tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
12 tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the
13 tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.
14 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
15 tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.
16 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).