Leviticus 6:4-5

6:4 when it happens that he sins and he is found guilty, ¹  then he must return whatever he had stolen, or whatever he had extorted, or the thing that he had held in trust, ²  or the lost thing that he had found, 6:5 or anything about which he swears falsely. ³  He must restore it in full ⁴  and add one fifth to it; he must give it to its owner when he is found guilty. ⁵ 

Leviticus 27:13

27:13 If, however, the person who made the vow redeems the animal, ⁶  he must add one fifth to ⁷  its conversion value.

Leviticus 27:15

27:15 If the one who consecrates it redeems his house, he must add to it one fifth of its conversion value in silver, and it will belong to him. ⁸ 

Leviticus 27:27

27:27 If, however, ⁹  it is among the unclean animals, he may ransom it according to ¹⁰  its conversion value and must add one fifth to it, but if it is not redeemed it must be sold according to its conversion value.

Leviticus 27:31

27:31 If a man redeems ¹¹  part of his tithe, however, he must add one fifth to it. ¹² 

Numbers 5:7

5:7 then he must confess ¹³  his sin that he has committed and must make full reparation, ¹⁴  add one fifth to it, and give it to whomever he wronged. ¹⁵ 

¹ tn Heb “and it shall happen, when he sins and becomes guilty,” which is both resumptive of the previous (vv. 2-3) and the conclusion to the protasis (cf. “then” introducing the next clause as the apodosis). In this case, “becomes guilty” (cf. NASB, NIV) probably refers to his legal status as one who has been convicted of a crime in court; thus the translation “he is found guilty.” See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:559-61.

² tn Heb “that had been held in trust with him.”

³ tn Heb “or from all which he swears on it to falsehood.”

⁴ tn Heb “in its head.” This refers “the full amount” in terms of the “principal,” the original item or amount obtained illegally (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:338; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 84).

⁵ tn Heb “to whom it is to him he shall give it in the day of his being guilty.” The present translation is based on the view that he has been found guilty through the legal process (see the note on v. 4 above; cf., e.g., TEV and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 33-34). Others translate the latter part as “in the day he offers his guilt [reparation] offering” (e.g., NIV and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 73, 84), or “in the day he realizes his guilt” (e.g., NRSV and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:319, 338).

⁶ tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] he redeems it [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p. The referent of “he” (the person who made the vow) and “it” (the animal) have both been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn Heb “on,” meaning “on top of, in addition to” (likewise in v. 15).

⁸ tn Heb “and it shall be to him.”

⁹ tn Heb “And if.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “in” or “by.”

¹¹ tn Heb “And if redeeming [infinitive absolute] a man redeems [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

¹² tn Heb “its one fifth on it.”

¹³ tn The verb is the Hitpael perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive from the verb יָדָה (yadah), which in this stem means “acknowledge, confess sin,” but in the Hiphil (primarily) it means “praise, give thanks.” In both cases one is acknowledging something, either the sin, or the person and work of the Lord. Here the verb comes in the apodosis: “when…then he must confess.”

¹⁴ tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of שׁוּב (shuv, “return”). Here it has the sense of “repay” with the word “reparation” (traditionally rendered “guilt offering,” but now is understood to refer to what was defrauded). The Levitical rulings called for the guilty to restore what was taken, if it could be made right, and pay a fifth more as a surcharge.

¹⁵ tn This is now the third use of אָשָׁם (’asham); the first referred to “guilt,” the second to “reparation,” and now “wronged.” The idea of “guilt” lies behind the second two uses as well as the first. In the second “he must repay his guilt” (meaning what he is guilty of); and here it can also mean “the one against whom he is guilty of sinning.”