12:1 Meanwhile, 2 when many thousands of the crowd had gathered so that they were trampling on one another, Jesus 3 began to speak first to his disciples, “Be on your guard against 4 the yeast of the Pharisees, 5 which is hypocrisy. 6
14:1 Now 7 one Sabbath when Jesus went to dine 8 at the house of a leader 9 of the Pharisees, 10 they were watching 11 him closely.
1 sn Do not be afraid. One should respect and show reverence to God (v. 5), but need not fear his tender care.
2 tn The phrase ἐν οἷς (en Jois) can be translated “meanwhile.”
3 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn According to L&N 27.59, “to pay attention to, to keep on the lookout for, to be alert for, to be on your guard against.” This is another Lukan present imperative calling for constant vigilance.
5 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
6 sn The pursuit of popularity can lead to hypocrisy, if one is not careful.
7 tn Grk “Now it happened that one.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
8 tn Grk “to eat bread,” an idiom for participating in a meal.
9 tn Grk “a ruler of the Pharisees.” He was probably a synagogue official.
10 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
11 sn Watching…closely is a graphic term meaning to lurk and watch; see Luke 11:53-54.
12 tc Most
13 sn On the phrase greatly troubled see 1:12. Mary’s reaction was like Zechariah’s response.
14 tn Grk “to wonder what kind of greeting this might be.” Luke often uses the optative this way to reveal a figure’s thinking (3:15; 8:9; 18:36; 22:23).
15 tn Grk “even as”; this compares the recorded tradition of 1:1 with the original eyewitness tradition of 1:2.
16 tn Or “delivered.”
17 sn The phrase eyewitnesses and servants of the word refers to a single group of people who faithfully passed on the accounts about Jesus. The language about delivery (passed on) points to accounts faithfully passed on to the early church.
18 tn Grk “like the accounts those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word passed on to us.” The location of “in the beginning” in the Greek shows that the tradition is rooted in those who were with Jesus from the start.
19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context, which involves the reversal of expected roles.
20 sn The point of the statement the one who humbles himself will be exalted is humility and the reversal imagery used to underline it is common: Luke 1:52-53; 6:21; 10:15; 18:14.
21 tn Or “necessary.” BDAG 873-74 s.v. πρός 1 has “πρ. τῆς σωτηρίας in the interest of safety Ac 27:34”; L&N 27.18 has “‘therefore, I urge you to take some food, for this is important for your deliverance’ or ‘…for your survival’ Ac 27:34.”
22 tn Or “deliverance” (‘salvation’ in a nontheological sense).