16:10 Then 10 the fifth angel 11 poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast so that 12 darkness covered his kingdom, 13 and people 14 began to bite 15 their tongues because 16 of their pain. 16:11 They blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings 17 and because of their sores, 18 but nevertheless 19 they still refused to repent 20 of their deeds.
1 sn Jesus was stressing that all stand at risk of death, if they do not repent and receive life.
2 tn Or “you will all likewise perish,” but this could be misunderstood to mean that they would perish by the same means as the Galileans. Jesus’ point is that apart from repentance all will perish.
3 sn Jesus’ point repeats v. 3. The circumstances make no difference. All must deal with the reality of what death means.
4 tn Grk “similarly.”
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.
6 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
7 tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
9 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
11 tn Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.
13 tn Grk “his kingdom became dark.”
14 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
15 tn On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10.”
16 tn The preposition ἐκ (ek) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.
17 tn Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [πόνος, ponos] as the last word in v. 11, here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain…Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. …because of their sufferings vs. 11.”
18 tn Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2).
19 tn Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.
20 tn Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.