Luke 15:18

15:18 I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned ¹  against heaven ²  and against ³  you.

Daniel 4:25-26

4:25 You will be driven ⁴  from human society, ⁵  and you will live ⁶  with the wild animals. You will be fed ⁷  grass like oxen, ⁸  and you will become damp with the dew of the sky. Seven periods of time will pass by for you, before ⁹  you understand that the Most High is ruler over human kingdoms and gives them to whomever he wishes. 4:26 They said to leave the taproot of the tree, for your kingdom will be restored to you when you come to understand that heaven ¹⁰  rules.

¹ sn In the confession “I have sinned” there is a recognition of wrong that pictures the penitent coming home and “being found.”

² sn The phrase against heaven is a circumlocution for God.

³ tn According to BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνωπιον 4.a, “in relation to ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τινος sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21 (cf. Jdth 5:17; 1 Km 7:6; 20:1).”

⁴ tn The Aramaic indefinite active plural is used here like the English passive. So also in v. 28, 29,32.

⁵ tn Aram “from mankind.” So also in v. 32.

⁶ tn Aram “your dwelling will be.” So also in v. 32.

⁷ tn Or perhaps “be made to eat.”

⁸ sn Nebuchadnezzar’s insanity has features that are associated with the mental disorder known as boanthropy, in which the person so afflicted imagines himself to be an ox or a similar animal and behaves accordingly.

⁹ tn Aram “until.”

¹⁰ sn The reference to heaven here is a circumlocution for God. There was a tendency in Jewish contexts to avoid direct reference to God. Cf. the expression “kingdom of heaven” in the NT and such statements as “I have sinned against heaven and in your sight” (Luke 15:21).