Luke 2:44-45

2:44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) ¹  they went a day’s journey. Then ²  they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. ³  2:45 When ⁴  they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem ⁵  to look for him.

Luke 2:1

The Census and the Birth of Jesus

2:1 Now ⁶  in those days a decree ⁷  went out from Caesar ⁸  Augustus ⁹  to register ¹⁰  all the empire ¹¹  for taxes.

Luke 12:5

12:5 But I will warn ¹²  you whom you should fear: Fear the one who, after the killing, ¹³  has authority to throw you ¹⁴  into hell. ¹⁵  Yes, I tell you, fear him!

Luke 12:12

12:12 for the Holy Spirit will teach you at that moment ¹⁶  what you must say.” ¹⁷ 

Matthew 12:40

12:40 For just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish ¹⁸  for three days and three nights, ¹⁹  so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.

Matthew 16:21

First Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

16:21 From that time on ²⁰  Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem ²¹  and suffer ²²  many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, ²³  and be killed, and on the third day be raised.

Matthew 27:63-64

27:63 and said, “Sir, we remember that while that deceiver was still alive he said, ‘After three days I will rise again.’ 27:64 So give orders to secure the tomb until the third day. Otherwise his disciples may come and steal his body ²⁴  and say to the people, ‘He has been raised from the dead,’ and the last deception will be worse than the first.”

¹ sn An ancient journey like this would have involved a caravan of people who traveled together as a group for protection and fellowship.

² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

³ tn Or “and friends.” See L&N 28.30 and 34.17.

⁴ tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁵ sn The return to Jerusalem would have taken a second day, since they were already one day’s journey away.

⁶ tn Grk “Now it happened that.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

⁷ sn This decree was a formal decree from the Roman Senate.

⁸ tn Or “from the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

⁹ sn Caesar Augustus refers to Octavian, who was Caesar from 27 b.c. to a.d. 14. He was known for his administrative prowess.

¹⁰ tn Grk “that all the empire should be registered for taxes.” The passive infinitive ἀπογράφεσθαι (apografesqai) has been rendered as an active in the translation to improve the English style. The verb is regarded as a technical term for official registration in tax lists (BDAG 108 s.v. ἀπογράφω a).

¹¹ tn Grk “the whole (inhabited) world,” but this was a way to refer to the Roman empire (L&N 1.83).

¹² tn Grk “will show,” but in this reflective context such a demonstration is a warning or exhortation.

¹³ sn The actual performer of the killing is not here specified. It could be understood to be God (so NASB, NRSV) but it could simply emphasize that, after a killing has taken place, it is God who casts the person into hell.

¹⁴ tn The direct object (“you”) is understood.

¹⁵ sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36).

¹⁶ tn Grk “in that very hour” (an idiom).

¹⁷ tn Grk “what it is necessary to say.”

¹⁸ tn Grk “large sea creature.”

¹⁹ sn A quotation from Jonah 1:17.

²⁰ tn Grk “From then.”

²¹ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

²² sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

²³ tn Or “and scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

²⁴ tn Grk “him.”