21:20 “But when you see Jerusalem 6 surrounded 7 by armies, then know that its 8 desolation 9 has come near. 21:21 Then those who are in Judea must flee 10 to the mountains. Those 11 who are inside the city must depart. Those 12 who are out in the country must not enter it, 21:22 because these are days of vengeance, 13 to fulfill 14 all that is written. 21:23 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! For there will be great distress 15 on the earth and wrath against this people. 21:24 They 16 will fall by the edge 17 of the sword and be led away as captives 18 among all nations. Jerusalem 19 will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. 20
21:25 “And there will be signs in the sun and moon and stars, 21 and on the earth nations will be in distress, 22 anxious 23 over the roaring of the sea and the surging waves. 21:26 People will be fainting from fear 24 and from the expectation of what is coming on the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken. 25 21:27 Then 26 they will see the Son of Man arriving in a cloud 27 with power and great glory. 21:28 But when these things 28 begin to happen, stand up and raise your heads, because your redemption 29 is drawing near.”
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
2 sn Given v. 16, the expression not a hair of your head will perish must be taken figuratively and refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
3 sn By your endurance is a call to remain faithful, because trusting in Jesus is the means to life.
4 tc Some important Greek witnesses plus the majority of
5 tn Grk “your souls,” but ψυχή (yuch) is frequently used of one’s physical life. In light of v. 16 that does not seem to be the case here. The entire phrase could be taken as an idiom meaning “you will save yourselves” (L&N 21.20), or (as in v. 18) this could refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
6 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
7 sn See Luke 19:41-44. This passage refers to the events associated with the fall of Jerusalem, when the city is surrounded by armies.
8 tn Grk “her,” referring to the city of Jerusalem (the name “Jerusalem” in Greek is a feminine noun).
9 sn The phrase its desolation is a reference to the fall of the city, which is the only antecedent present in Luke’s account. The parallels to this in Matt 24:15 and Mark 13:14 refer to the temple’s desolation, though Matthew’s allusion is clearer. They focus on the parallel events of the end, not on the short term realization in
10 sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.
11 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
12 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
13 tn Or “of punishment.” This is a time of judgment.
14 tn The passive construction with the infinitive πλησθῆναι (plhsqhnai) has been translated as an active construction for simplicity, in keeping with contemporary English style.
15 sn Great distress means that this is a period of great judgment.
16 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
17 tn Grk “by the mouth of the sword” (an idiom for the edge of a sword).
18 sn Here is the predicted judgment against the nation until the time of Gentile rule has passed: Its people will be led away as captives.
19 tn Grk “And Jerusalem.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
20 sn Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled implies a time when Israel again has a central role in God’s plan.
21 sn Signs in the sun and moon and stars are cosmic signs that turn our attention to the end and the Son of Man’s return for the righteous. OT imagery is present: See Isa 13:9-10; 24:18-20; 34:4; Ezek 32:7-8; Joel 2:1, 30-31; 3:15.
22 tn Grk “distress of nations.”
23 tn Or “in consternation” (L&N 32.9).
24 tn According to L&N 23.184 this could be mainly a psychological experience rather than actual loss of consciousness. It could also refer to complete discouragement because of fear, leading people to give up hope (L&N 25.293).
25 sn An allusion to Isa 34:4. The heavens were seen as the abode of heavenly forces, so their shaking indicates distress in the spiritual realm. Although some take the powers as a reference to bodies in the heavens (like stars and planets, “the heavenly bodies,” NIV) this is not as likely.
26 tn Grk “And then” (καὶ τότε, kai tote). Here καί has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
27 sn An allusion to Dan 7:13. Here is Jesus returning with full judging authority.
28 sn These things are all the events of vv. 8-27. Disciples represent the righteous here. The events surrounding the fall of the nation are a down payment on a fuller judgment to come on all humanity. The presence of one guarantees the other.
29 sn With Jesus’ return comes the manifestation of judgment and final salvation (redemption).