Luke 21:20

The Desolation of Jerusalem

21:20 “But when you see Jerusalem ¹  surrounded ²  by armies, then know that its ³  desolation ⁴  has come near.

Luke 21:31

21:31 So also you, when you see these things happening, know ⁵  that the kingdom of God ⁶  is near.

Luke 12:54

Reading the Signs

12:54 Jesus ⁷  also said to the crowds, “When you see a cloud rising in the west, ⁸  you say at once, ‘A rainstorm ⁹  is coming,’ and it does.

Luke 13:35

13:35 Look, your house is forsaken! ¹⁰  And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’” ¹¹ 

¹ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

² sn See Luke 19:41-44. This passage refers to the events associated with the fall of Jerusalem, when the city is surrounded by armies.

³ tn Grk “her,” referring to the city of Jerusalem (the name “Jerusalem” in Greek is a feminine noun).

⁴ sn The phrase its desolation is a reference to the fall of the city, which is the only antecedent present in Luke’s account. The parallels to this in Matt 24:15 and Mark 13:14 refer to the temple’s desolation, though Matthew’s allusion is clearer. They focus on the parallel events of the end, not on the short term realization in a.d. 70. The entire passage has a prophetic “two events in one” typology, where the near term destruction (a.d. 70) is like the end. So the evangelists could choose to focus on the near time realization (Luke) or on its long term fulfillment, which mirrors it (Matthew, Mark).

⁵ tn The verb γινώσκετε (ginwskete, “know”) can be parsed as either present indicative or present imperative. In this context the imperative fits better, since the movement is from analogy (trees and seasons) to the future (the signs of the coming of the kingdom) and since the emphasis is on preparation for this event.

⁶ sn The kingdom of God refers here to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37.

⁹ tn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “also” and δέ (de) has not been translated.

¹⁰ sn A cloud rising in the west refers to moisture coming from the Mediterranean Sea.

¹¹ tn The term ὄμβρος (ombro") refers to heavy rain, such as in a thunderstorm (L&N 14.12).

¹³ sn Your house is forsaken. The language here is from Jer 12:7 and 22:5. It recalls exilic judgment.

¹⁴ sn A quotation from Ps 118:26. The judgment to come will not be lifted until the Lord returns. See Luke 19:41-44.