22:7 Then the day for the feast 8 of Unleavened Bread came, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 9 22:8 Jesus 10 sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover 11 for us to eat.” 12 22:9 They 13 said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare 14 it?” 22:10 He said to them, “Listen, 15 when you have entered the city, a man carrying a jar of water 16 will meet you. 17 Follow him into the house that he enters, 22:11 and tell the owner of the house, 18 ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”’ 22:12 Then he will show you a large furnished room upstairs. Make preparations there.” 22:13 So 19 they went and found things 20 just as he had told them, 21 and they prepared the Passover.
22:14 Now 22 when the hour came, Jesus 23 took his place at the table 24 and the apostles joined 25 him. 22:15 And he said to them, “I have earnestly desired 26 to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 22:16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again 27 until it is fulfilled 28 in the kingdom of God.” 29 22:17 Then 30 he took a cup, 31 and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit 32 of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 33 22:19 Then 34 he took bread, and after giving thanks he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body 35 which is given for you. 36 Do this in remembrance of me.” 22:20 And in the same way he took 37 the cup after they had eaten, 38 saying, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant 39 in my blood.
22:21 “But look, the hand of the one who betrays 40 me is with me on the table. 41 22:22 For the Son of Man is to go just as it has been determined, 42 but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!” 22:23 So 43 they began to question one another as to which of them it could possibly be who would do this.
22:24 A dispute also started 44 among them over which of them was to be regarded as the greatest. 45 22:25 So 46 Jesus 47 said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’ 48 22:26 Not so with you; 49 instead the one who is greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader 50 like the one who serves. 51 22:27 For who is greater, the one who is seated at the table, 52 or the one who serves? Is it not 53 the one who is seated at the table? But I am among you as one 54 who serves.
22:28 “You are the ones who have remained 55 with me in my trials. 22:29 Thus 56 I grant 57 to you a kingdom, 58 just as my Father granted to me, 22:30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and you will sit 59 on thrones judging 60 the twelve tribes of Israel.
22:31 “Simon, 61 Simon, pay attention! 62 Satan has demanded to have you all, 63 to sift you like wheat, 64 22:32 but I have prayed for you, Simon, 65 that your faith may not fail. 66 When 67 you have turned back, 68 strengthen 69 your brothers.” 22:33 But Peter 70 said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death!” 71 22:34 Jesus replied, 72 “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow 73 today until you have denied 74 three times that you know me.”
22:35 Then 75 Jesus 76 said to them, “When I sent you out with no money bag, 77 or traveler’s bag, 78 or sandals, you didn’t lack 79 anything, did you?” They replied, 80 “Nothing.” 22:36 He said to them, “But now, the one who 81 has a money bag must take it, and likewise a traveler’s bag 82 too. And the one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one. 22:37 For I tell you that this scripture must be 83 fulfilled in me, ‘And he was counted with the transgressors.’ 84 For what is written about me is being fulfilled.” 85 22:38 So 86 they said, “Look, Lord, here are two swords.” 87 Then he told them, “It is enough.” 88
22:39 Then 89 Jesus 90 went out and made his way, 91 as he customarily did, to the Mount of Olives, 92 and the disciples followed him. 22:40 When he came to the place, 93 he said to them, “Pray that you will not fall into temptation.” 94 22:41 He went away from them about a stone’s throw, knelt down, and prayed, 22:42 “Father, if you are willing, take 95 this cup 96 away from me. Yet not my will but yours 97 be done.” 22:43 [Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. 22:44 And in his anguish 98 he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground.] 99 22:45 When 100 he got up from prayer, he came to the disciples and found them sleeping, exhausted 101 from grief. 22:46 So 102 he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Get up and pray that you will not fall into temptation!” 103
22:47 While he was still speaking, suddenly a crowd appeared, 104 and the man named Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He walked up 105 to Jesus to kiss him. 106 22:48 But Jesus said to him, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?” 107 22:49 When 108 those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said, “Lord, should 109 we use our swords?” 110 22:50 Then 111 one of them 112 struck the high priest’s slave, 113 cutting off his right ear. 22:51 But Jesus said, 114 “Enough of this!” And he touched the man’s 115 ear and healed 116 him.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 sn The leaders were delighted when Judas contacted them about betraying Jesus, because it gave them the opportunity they had been looking for, and they could later claim that Jesus had been betrayed by one of his own disciples.
3 sn Matt 26:15 states the amount of money they gave Judas was thirty pieces of silver (see also Matt 27:3-4; Zech 11:12-13).
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the arrangement worked out in the preceding verse.
5 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Judas) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Grk “betray him to them”; the referent of the first pronoun (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 tn Grk “apart from the crowd.”
7 tn The words “for the feast” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied for clarity.
8 sn Generally the feast of Unleavened Bread would refer to Nisan 15 (Friday), but the following reference to the sacrifice of the Passover lamb indicates that Nisan 14 (Thursday) was what Luke had in mind (Nisan = March 27 to April 25). The celebration of the Feast of Unleavened Bread lasted eight days, beginning with the Passover meal. The celebrations were so close together that at times the names of both were used interchangeably.
10 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 sn This required getting a suitable lamb and finding lodging in Jerusalem where the meal could be eaten. The population of the city swelled during the feast, so lodging could be difficult to find. The Passover was celebrated each year in commemoration of the Israelites’ deliverance from Egypt; thus it was a feast celebrating redemption (see Exod 12). The Passover lamb was roasted and eaten after sunset in a family group of at least ten people (m. Pesahim 7.13). People ate the meal while reclining (see the note on table in 22:14). It included, besides the lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs as a reminder of Israel’s bitter affliction at the hands of the Egyptians. Four cups of wine mixed with water were also used for the meal. For a further description of the meal and the significance of the wine cups, see E. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 523-24.
12 tn Grk “for us, so that we may eat.”
13 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
14 tn In the Greek text this a deliberative subjunctive.
16 tn Grk “behold.”
17 sn Since women usually carried these jars, it would have been no problem for Peter and John to recognize the man Jesus was referring to.
18 sn Jesus is portrayed throughout Luke 22-23 as very aware of what will happen, almost directing events. Here this is indicated by his prediction that a man carrying a jar of water will meet you.
19 tn Grk “to the master of the household,” referring to one who owns and manages the household, including family, servants, and slaves (L&N 57.14).
22 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ instructions.
23 tn The word “things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
24 sn The author’s note that the disciples found things just as he had told them shows that Jesus’ word could be trusted.
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
26 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
27 tn Grk “reclined at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
28 tn Grk “the apostles with him.”
28 tn This phrase parallels a Hebrew infinitive absolute and serves to underline Jesus’ enthusiasm for holding this meal (BDF §198.6).
31 tn Although the word “again” is not in the Greek text, it is supplied to indicate that Jesus did indeed partake of this Passover meal, as statements in v. 18 suggest (“from now on”). For more complete discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1720.
32 sn Jesus looked to a celebration in the kingdom to come when the Passover is fulfilled. This reference could well suggest that some type of commemorative sacrifice and meal will be celebrated then, as the antecedent is the Passover sacrifice. The reference is not to the Lord’s supper as some argue, but the Passover.
33 sn The kingdom of God here refers to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37.
34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
35 sn Then he took a cup. Only Luke mentions two cups at this meal; the other synoptic gospels (Matt, Mark) mention only one. This is the first of the two. It probably refers to the first cup in the traditional Passover meal, which today has four cups (although it is debated whether the fourth cup was used in the 1st century).
37 tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).
38 sn Until the kingdom of God comes is a reference to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37. Jesus awaits celebration with the arrival of full kingdom blessing.
40 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
41 tc Some important Western
42 sn The language of the phrase given for you alludes to Christ’s death in our place. It is a powerful substitutionary image of what he did for us.
43 tn The words “he took” are not in the Greek text at this point, but are an understood repetition from v. 19.
44 tn The phrase “after they had eaten” translates the temporal infinitive construction μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι (meta to deipnhsai), where the verb δειπνέω (deipnew) means “to eat a meal” or “to have a meal.”
45 sn Jesus’ death established the forgiveness promised in the new covenant of Jer 31:31. Jesus is reinterpreting the symbolism of the Passover meal, indicating the presence of a new era.
46 sn The one who betrays me. Jesus knows about Judas and what he has done.
47 sn The point of Jesus’ comment here is not to identify the specific individual per se, but to indicate that it is one who was close to him – somebody whom no one would suspect. His comment serves to heighten the treachery of Judas’ betrayal.
49 sn Jesus’ death has been determined as a part of God’s plan (Acts 2:22-24).
52 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments: The disciples begin wondering who would betray him.
55 tn Or “happened.”
56 tn Though the term μείζων (meizwn) here is comparative in form, it is superlative in sense (BDF §244).
58 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the dispute among the apostles.
59 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
60 sn The title ‘benefactor,’ highlighting grace and meaning something like “helper of the people,” was even given to tyrants (2 Macc 4:2; 3 Macc 3:19; Josephus, J. W. 3.9.8 [3.459]).
61 tn Grk “But you are not thus.”
62 tn Or “the ruler.”
63 sn And the leader like the one who serves. Leadership was not to be a matter of privilege and special status, but of service. All social status is leveled out by these remarks. Jesus himself is the prime example of the servant-leader.
64 tn Grk “who reclines at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.
65 tn The interrogative particle used here in the Greek text (οὐχί, ouci) expects a positive reply.
66 sn Jesus’ example of humble service, as one who serves, shows that the standard for a disciple is different from that of the world. For an example see John 13:1-17.
67 tn Or “continued” (L&N 34.3). Jesus acknowledges the disciples’ faithfulness.
70 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ perseverance with Jesus.
71 sn With the statement “I grant to you a kingdom” Jesus gave the disciples authority over the kingdom, as God had given him such authority. The present tense looks at authority given presently, though the major manifestation of its presence is yet to come as the next verse shows.
72 tn Or “I give you the right to rule” (cf. CEV). For this translation of διατίθεμαι βασιλείαν (diatiqemai basileian) see L&N 37.105.
73 tn This verb is future indicative, and thus not subordinate to “grant” (διατίθεμαι, diatiqemai) as part of the result clause beginning with ἵνα ἔσθητε ({ina esqhte) at the beginning of v. 30. It is better understood as a predictive future.
74 sn The statement you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel looks at the future authority the Twelve will have when Jesus returns. They will share in Israel’s judgment.
76 tc The majority of
77 tn Grk “behold” (for “pay attention” see L&N 91.13).
78 sn This pronoun is plural in the Greek text, so it refers to all the disciples of which Peter is the representative.
79 sn Satan has demanded permission to put them to the test. The idiom “sift (someone) like wheat” is similar to the English idiom “to pick (someone) apart.” The pronoun you is implied.
79 sn Here and in the remainder of the verse the second person pronouns are singular, so only Peter is in view. The name “Simon” has been supplied as a form of direct address to make this clear in English.
80 sn That your faith may not fail. Note that Peter’s denials are pictured here as lapses, not as a total absence of faith.
81 tn Grk “And when.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
82 tn Or “turned around.”
83 sn Strengthen your brothers refers to Peter helping to strengthen their faith. Jesus quite graciously restores Peter “in advance,” even with the knowledge of his approaching denials.
82 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Peter) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
83 sn The confidence Peter has in private (Lord, I am ready…) will wilt under the pressure of the public eye.
85 tn Grk “he said”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
86 sn That is, Peter’s denials will happen before the sun rises.
87 sn Once again, Jesus is quite aware that Peter will deny him. Peter, however, is too nonchalant about the possibility of stumbling.
88 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
89 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
90 tn Traditionally, “purse” (likewise in v. 36).
91 tn Or possibly “beggar’s bag” (L&N 6.145).
92 sn This refers back to 9:3 and 10:3-4. The Greek construction anticipates a negative reply which is indicated in the translation by the ‘tag’ at the end, “did you?” Nothing was lacking.
93 tn Grk “said.”
91 tn The syntax of this verse is disputed, resulting in various translations. The major options are either (1) that reflected in the translation or (2) that those who have a money bag and traveler’s bag should get a sword, just as those who do not have these items should sell their cloak to buy a sword. The point of all the options is that things have changed and one now needs full provisions. Opposition will come. But “sword” is a figure for preparing to fight. See Luke 22:50-51.
92 tn Or possibly “beggar’s bag” (L&N 6.145).
94 sn This scripture must be fulfilled in me. The statement again reflects the divine necessity of God’s plan. See 4:43-44.
95 tn Or “with the lawless.”
96 tn Grk “is having its fulfillment.”
97 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments about obtaining swords.
98 sn Here are two swords. The disciples mistakenly took Jesus to mean that they should prepare for armed resistance, something he will have to correct in 22:50-51.
99 sn It is enough. The disciples’ misunderstanding caused Jesus to terminate the discussion.
100 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
101 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
102 tn Grk “went.”
103 sn See the note on the Mount of Olives in Luke 19:29.
103 sn Luke does not mention Gethsemane by name, but calls it simply the place.
104 sn Jesus’ instructions to pray not to fall into temptation is an allusion to Luke 22:28-38, especially 22:31. The temptation is Satan’s challenge to them to defect, like what happened to Judas and what will happen to Peter.
106 tn Luke’s term παρένεγκε is not as exact as the one in Matt 26:39. Luke’s means “take away” (BDAG 772 s.v. παρένεγκε 2.c) while Matthew’s means “take away without touching,” suggesting an alteration (if possible) in God’s plan. For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 2:1759-60.
107 sn This cup alludes to the wrath of God that Jesus would experience (in the form of suffering and death) for us. See Ps 11:6; 75:8-9; Isa 51:17, 19, 22 for this figure.
108 sn With the statement “Not my will but yours be done” Jesus submitted fully to God’s will.
109 tn Grk “And being in anguish.”
110 tc Several important Greek
112 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
113 tn Grk “from grief.” The word “exhausted” is not in the Greek text, but is implied; the disciples have fallen asleep from mental and emotional exhaustion resulting from their distress (see L&N 25.273; cf. TEV, NIV, NLT).
115 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus finding them asleep.
116 sn Jesus calls the disciples again to prayerful watchfulness with the words “Get up and pray” (see 22:40). The time is full of danger (22:53).
118 tn Grk “While he was still speaking, behold, a crowd, and the one called Judas…was leading them.” The abrupt appearance of the crowd on the scene is indicated in the translation by “suddenly” and “appeared.”
119 tn Grk “drew near.”
120 tc Many
121 sn Jesus’ comment about betraying the Son of Man with a kiss shows the hypocrisy and blindness of an attempt to cover up sin. On “misused kisses” in the Bible, see Gen 27:26-27; 2 Sam 15:5; Prov 7:13; 27:6; and 2 Sam 20:9.
124 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
125 tn The direct question using “if” in Greek is not unusual (BDF §440.3).
126 sn “Should we use our swords?” The disciples’ effort to defend Jesus recalls Luke 22:35-38. One individual did not wait for the answer.
127 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
128 sn One of them. The unnamed disciple is Peter according to John 18:10 (cf. also Matt 26:51; Mark 14:47).
129 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 7:2.
130 tn Grk “But answering, Jesus said.” This is redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified in the translation.
131 tn Grk “his”; the referent (the slave of the high priest mentioned in the previous verse) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
132 sn When Jesus healed the man’s ear he showed grace even to those who hated him, following his own teaching (Luke 6:27-36).