1 sn The rock in Palestine would be a limestone base lying right under the soil.
2 sn Palestinian weeds like these thorns could grow up to six feet in height and have a major root system.
3 sn That is, crowded out the good plants.
3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the tenants’ mistreatment of the first slave.
4 sn The slaves being sent empty-handed suggests that the vineyard was not producing any fruit – and thus neither was the nation of Israel.