3:1 Then 1 Jesus 2 entered the synagogue 3 again, and a man was there who had a withered 4 hand. 3:2 They watched 5 Jesus 6 closely to see if he would heal him on the Sabbath, 7 so that they could accuse him. 3:3 So he said to the man who had the withered hand, “Stand up among all these people.” 8 3:4 Then 9 he said to them, “Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath, or evil, to save a life or destroy it?” But they were silent. 3:5 After looking around 10 at them in anger, grieved by the hardness of their hearts, 11 he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out, and his hand was restored. 12 3:6 So 13 the Pharisees 14 went out immediately and began plotting with the Herodians, 15 as to how they could assassinate 16 him.
3:7 Then 17 Jesus went away with his disciples to the sea, and a great multitude from Galilee followed him. 18 And from Judea, 3:8 Jerusalem, 19 Idumea, beyond the Jordan River, 20 and around Tyre 21 and Sidon 22 a great multitude came to him when they heard about the things he had done. 3:9 Because of the crowd, he told his disciples to have a small boat ready for him so the crowd 23 would not press toward him. 3:10 For he had healed many, so that all who were afflicted with diseases pressed toward him in order to touch him. 3:11 And whenever the unclean spirits 24 saw him, they fell down before him and cried out, “You are the Son of God.” 3:12 But 25 he sternly ordered them not to make him known. 26
3:13 Now 27 Jesus went up the mountain 28 and called for those he wanted, and they came to him. 3:14 He 29 appointed twelve (whom he named apostles 30 ), 31 so that they would be with him and he could send them to preach 3:15 and to have authority to cast out demons. 3:16 He appointed twelve: 32 To Simon 33 he gave the name Peter; 3:17 to James and his brother John, the sons of Zebedee, 34 he gave the name Boanerges (that is, “sons of thunder”); 3:18 and Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, 35 Matthew, Thomas, 36 James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, 37 Simon the Zealot, 38 3:19 and Judas Iscariot, 39 who betrayed him. 40
3:20 Now 41 Jesus 42 went home, and a crowd gathered so that they were not able to eat. 3:21 When his family 43 heard this they went out to restrain him, for they said, “He is out of his mind.” 3:22 The experts in the law 44 who came down from Jerusalem 45 said, “He is possessed by Beelzebul,” 46 and, “By the ruler 47 of demons he casts out demons.” 3:23 So 48 he called them and spoke to them in parables: 49 “How can Satan cast out Satan?
1 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
2 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 sn See the note on synagogue in 1:21.
4 sn Withered means the man’s hand was shrunken and paralyzed.
5 sn The term translated watched…closely is emotive, since it carries negative connotations. It means they were watching him out of the corner of their eye or spying on him.
6 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 sn The background for this is the view that only if life was endangered should one attempt to heal on the Sabbath (see the Mishnah, m. Shabbat 6.3; 12.1; 18.3; 19.2; m. Yoma 8.6).
8 tn Grk “Stand up in the middle.”
9 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
10 tn The aorist participle περιβλεψάμενος (peribleyameno") has been translated as antecedent (prior) to the action of the main verb. It could also be translated as contemporaneous (“Looking around…he said”).
11 tn This term is a collective singular in the Greek text.
12 sn The passive was restored points to healing by God. Now the question became: Would God exercise his power through Jesus, if what Jesus was doing were wrong? Note also Jesus’ “labor.” He simply spoke and it was so.
13 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
14 sn See the note on Pharisees in 2:16.
15 tn Grk inserts “against him” after “Herodians.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has not been translated.
16 tn Grk “destroy.”
17 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
18 tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
19 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
20 tn “River” is not in the Greek text but is supplied for clarity. The region referred to here is sometimes known as Transjordan (i.e., “across the Jordan”).
21 map For location see Map1-A2; Map2-G2; Map4-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3.
22 sn These last two locations, Tyre and Sidon, represented an expansion outside of traditional Jewish territory. Jesus’ reputation continued to expand into new regions.
23 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
24 sn Unclean spirits refers to evil spirits.
25 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
26 sn Jesus did not permit the demons to make him known because the time for such disclosure was not yet at hand, and such a revelation would have certainly been misunderstood by the people. In all likelihood, if the people had understood him early on to be the Son of God, or Messiah, they would have reduced his mission to one of political deliverance from Roman oppression (cf. John 6:15). Jesus wanted to avoid, as much as possible, any premature misunderstanding about who he was and what he was doing. However, at the end of his ministry, he did not deny such a title when the high priest asked him (14:61-62).
27 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
28 tn Or “up a mountain” (εἰς τὸ ὅρος, eis to Joro").
29 tn Grk “And he.”
30 sn The term apostles is rare in the gospels, found only here and Mark 6:30, Matt 10:2, and six more times in Luke (6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10).
31 tc The phrase “whom he named apostles” is lacking in the majority of
32 tc The phrase “he appointed twelve” is lacking in the majority of manuscripts (A C2 D L Θ Ë1 33 2427 Ï lat sy bo). Some important witnesses include the phrase (א B C* Δ 565 579 pc), but perhaps the best explanation for the omission of the clause in the majority of witnesses is haplography in combination with homoioarcton: The first word of the clause in question is καί (kai), and the first word after the clause in question is also καί. And the first two letters of the second word, in each instance, are επ (ep). Early scribes most likely jumped accidentally from the first καί to the second, omitting the intervening material. Thus the clause was most likely in the original text. (See 3:14 above for a related textual problem.)
33 sn In the various lists of the twelve, Simon (that is, Peter) is always mentioned first (see also Matt 10:1-4; Luke 6:13-16; Acts 1:13) and the first four are always the same, though not in the same order after Peter.
34 tn Grk “to James, the son of Zebedee, and John, the brother of James.”
35 sn Bartholomew (meaning “son of Tolmai” in Aramaic) could be another name for Nathanael mentioned in John 1:45.
36 sn This is the “doubting Thomas” of John 20:24-29.
37 tc This disciple is called Λεββαῖον (Lebbaion, “Lebbaeus”) in D it; see the discussion of the parallel text in Matt 10:3 where conflation occurs among other witnesses as well.
38 tn Grk “the Cananean,” but according to both BDAG 507 s.v. Καναναῖος and L&N 11.88, this term has no relation at all to the geographical terms for Cana or Canaan, but is derived from the Aramaic term for “enthusiast, zealot” (see Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13), possibly because of an earlier affiliation with the party of the Zealots. He may not have been technically a member of the particular Jewish nationalistic party known as “Zealots” (since according to some scholars this party had not been organized at that time), but simply someone who was zealous for Jewish independence from Rome, in which case the term would refer to his temperament.
39 sn There is some debate about what the name Iscariot means. It probably alludes to a region in Judea and thus might make Judas the only non-Galilean in the group. Several explanations for the name Iscariot have been proposed, but it is probably transliterated Hebrew with the meaning “man of Kerioth” (there are at least two villages that had that name). For further discussion see D. L. Bock, Luke (BECNT), 1:546; also D. A. Carson, John, 304.
40 tn Grk “who even betrayed him.”
41 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
42 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
43 tc Western witnesses D W it, instead of reading οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ (Joi par’ aujtou, here translated “family”), have περὶ αὐτοῦ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ λοιποί (peri autou Joi grammatei" kai Joi loipoi, “[when] the scribes and others [heard] about him”). But this reading is obviously motivated, for it removes the embarrassing statement about Jesus’ family’s opinion of him as “out of his mind” and transfers this view to the Lord’s opponents. The fact that virtually all other witnesses have οἱ παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ here, coupled with the strong internal evidence for the shorter reading, shows this Western reading to be secondary.
44 tn Or “The scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
45 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
46 tn Grk “He has Beelzebul.”
47 tn Or “prince.”
48 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of previous action(s) in the narrative.
49 sn Jesus spoke two parables to demonstrate the absurdity of the thinking of the religious leaders who maintained that he was in league with Satan and that he actually derived his power from the devil. The first parable (vv. 23-26) teaches that if Jesus cast out demons by the ruler of the demons, then in reality Satan is fighting against himself, with the result that his kingdom has come to an end. The second parable (v. 28) about tying up a strong man proves that Jesus does not need to align himself with the devil because Jesus is more powerful. Jesus defeated Satan at his temptation (1:12-13) and by his exorcisms he clearly demonstrated himself to be stronger than the devil. The passage reveals the desperate condition of the religious leaders, who in their hatred for Jesus end up attributing the work of the Holy Spirit to Satan (a position for which they will be held accountable, 3:29-30). For an explanation of what a parable is, see the note on parables in 4:2.