12:12 Therefore you heavens rejoice, and all who reside in them!
But 8 woe to the earth and the sea
because the devil has come down to you!
He 9 is filled with terrible anger,
for he knows that he only has a little time!”
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
2 tn The words “to do so” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied for clarity and stylistic reasons.
3 tn Grk “him.”
4 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
5 sn Now the verb (הֵרַע, hera’) has a different subject – Pharaoh. The ultimate cause of the trouble was God, but the immediate cause was Pharaoh and the way he increased the work. Meanwhile, the Israelite foremen have pinned most of the blame on Moses and Aaron. Moses knows all about the sovereignty of God, and as he speaks in God’s name, he sees the effect it has on pagans like Pharaoh. So the rhetorical questions are designed to prod God to act differently.
6 tn The Hebrew construction is emphatic: וְהַצֵּל לֹא־הִצַּלְתָּ (vÿhatsel lo’-hitsalta). The verb נָצַל (natsal) means “to deliver, rescue” in the sense of plucking out, even plundering. The infinitive absolute strengthens both the idea of the verb and the negative. God had not delivered this people at all.
7 tn Heb “your people.” The pronoun (“them”) has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons here, to avoid redundancy.
8 tn The word “But” is not in the Greek text, but the contrast is clearly implied. This is a case of asyndeton (lack of a connective).
9 tn Grk “and is filled,” a continuation of the previous sentence. Because English tends to use shorter sentences (especially when exclamations are involved), a new sentence was started here in the translation.