Mark 9:30-31

Second Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

9:30 They went out from there and passed through Galilee. But ¹  Jesus ²  did not want anyone to know, 9:31 for he was teaching his disciples and telling them, “The Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men. ³  They ⁴  will kill him, ⁵  and after three days he will rise.” ⁶ 

Mark 8:31

First Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

8:31 Then ⁷  Jesus ⁸  began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer ⁹  many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, ¹⁰  and be killed, and after three days rise again.

Mark 10:32-34

Third Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

10:32 They were on the way, going up to Jerusalem. ¹¹  Jesus was going ahead of them, and they were amazed, but those who followed were afraid. He took the twelve aside again and began to tell them what was going to happen to him. 10:33 “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and experts in the law. ¹²  They will condemn him to death and will turn him over to the Gentiles. 10:34 They will mock him, spit on him, flog ¹³  him severely, and kill him. Yet ¹⁴  after three days, ¹⁵  he will rise again.”

Matthew 12:40

12:40 For just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish ¹⁶  for three days and three nights, ¹⁷  so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.

Matthew 16:21

First Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

16:21 From that time on ¹⁸  Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem ¹⁹  and suffer ²⁰  many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, ²¹  and be killed, and on the third day be raised.

Matthew 27:63

27:63 and said, “Sir, we remember that while that deceiver was still alive he said, ‘After three days I will rise again.’

Luke 24:46

24:46 and said to them, “Thus it stands written that the Christ ²²  would suffer ²³  and would rise from the dead on the third day,

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

² tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn The plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) is considered by some to be used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women (cf. NRSV, “into human hands”; CEV, “to people”). However, because this can be taken as a specific reference to the group responsible for Jesus’ arrest, where it is unlikely women were present (cf. Matt 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53; John 18:2-12), the word “men” has been retained in the translation. There may also be a slight wordplay with “the Son of Man” earlier in the verse.

⁴ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁵ tn Grk “They will kill him, and being killed, after…” The redundancy in the statement has been removed in the translation.

⁶ sn They will kill him and after three days he will rise. See the note at the end of Mark 8:30 regarding the passion predictions.

⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁹ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

¹⁰ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.

¹¹ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

¹² tn Or “chief priests and scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.

¹³ tn Traditionally, “scourge him” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “The ‘verberatio’ is denoted in the passion predictions and explicitly as action by non-Israelites Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33”; the verberatio was the beating given to those condemned to death in the Roman judicial system. Here the term μαστιγόω (mastigow) has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.

¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

¹⁵ tc Most mss, especially the later ones (A^[*^] W Θ Ë^1,13 Ï sy), have “on the third day” (τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, th trith Jhmera) instead of “after three days.” But not only does Mark nowhere else speak of the resurrection as occurring on the third day, the idiom he uses is a harder reading (cf. Mark 8:31; 9:31, though in the latter text the later witnesses also have τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ). Further, τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ conforms to the usage that is almost universally used in Matthew and Luke, and is found in the parallels to this text (Matt 20:19; Luke 18:33). Thus, scribes would be doubly motivated to change the wording. The most reliable witnesses, along with several other mss (א B C D L Δ Ψ 579 892 2427 it co), have resisted this temptation.

¹⁶ tn Grk “large sea creature.”

¹⁷ sn A quotation from Jonah 1:17.

¹⁸ tn Grk “From then.”

¹⁹ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

²⁰ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

²¹ tn Or “and scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

²² tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

²³ tn Three Greek infinitives are the key to this summary: (1) to suffer, (2) to rise, and (3) to be preached. The Christ (Messiah) would be slain, would be raised, and a message about repentance would go out into all the world as a result. All of this was recorded in the scripture. The remark shows the continuity between Jesus’ ministry, the scripture, and what disciples would be doing as they declared the Lord risen.