23:34 “For this reason I 20 am sending you prophets and wise men and experts in the law, 21 some of whom you will kill and crucify, 22 and some you will flog 23 in your synagogues 24 and pursue from town to town,
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
2 tn Grk “having soldiers under me.”
3 sn I say to this one ‘Go’ and he goes. The illustrations highlight the view of authority the soldier sees in the word of one who has authority. Since the centurion was a commander of a hundred soldiers, he understood what it was both to command others and to be obeyed.
4 tn Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times… in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v. 1). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος) in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.
5 tn The word “it” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
3 tc The majority of
4 sn Jesus here demonstrated the absurdity of the thinking of the religious leaders who maintained that he was in league with Satan and that he actually derived his power from the devil. He first teaches (vv. 25-28) that if he casts out demons by the ruler of the demons, then in reality Satan is fighting against himself, with the result that his kingdom has come to an end. He then teaches (v. 29) about tying up the strong man to prove that he does not need to align himself with the devil because he is more powerful. Jesus defeated Satan at his temptation (4:1-11) and by his exorcisms he clearly demonstrated himself to be stronger than the devil. The passage reveals the desperate condition of the religious leaders, who in their hatred for Jesus end up attributing the work of the Holy Spirit to Satan (a position for which they will be held accountable, 12:31-32).
5 tn Or “is left in ruins.”
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “Then.”
5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
5 tn Grk “And answering, Jesus said.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.
6 tn Grk “O.” The marker of direct address, ὦ (w), is functionally equivalent to a vocative and is represented in the translation by “you.”
7 tn Or “faithless.”
8 tn Grk “how long.”
9 tn Or “put up with.” See Num 11:12; Isa 46:4.
10 sn The pronouns you…you are plural, indicating that Jesus is speaking to a group rather than an individual.
6 sn Jesus reassures his disciples with a promise that (1) much benefit in this life (a hundred times as much) and (2) eternal life will be given.
7 sn A quotation from Ps 8:2.
8 tn Grk “answering, Jesus said to them.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
9 tn Grk “behold I am sending.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
10 tn Or “scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.
11 sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.
12 tn BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “of flogging as a punishment decreed by the synagogue (Dt 25:2f; s. the Mishna Tractate Sanhedrin-Makkoth, edited w. notes by SKrauss ’33) w. acc. of pers. Mt 10:17; 23:34.”
13 sn See the note on synagogues in 4:23.
10 tn Grk “answering, he said to them.” The participle ἀποκριθείς (ajpokriqei") is redundant in English and has not been translated.
11 tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”
12 sn With the statement not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in
13 tn Grk “not one stone will be left here on another which will not be thrown down.”
11 tn Grk “But answering, his master said to him.” This is somewhat redundant and has been simplified in the translation.
12 tn Grk “ground, praying and saying.” Here the participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
13 tn Grk “if it is possible.”
14 sn This cup alludes to the wrath of God that Jesus would experience (in the form of suffering and death) for us. See Ps 11:6; 75:8-9; Isa 51:17, 19, 22 for this figure.
13 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
14 tn Grk “this”; the referent (the cup) has been specified in the translation for clarity.