5:18 Consequently, 12 just as condemnation 13 for all people 14 came 15 through one transgression, 16 so too through the one righteous act 17 came righteousness leading to life 18 for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man 19 many 20 were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man 21 many 22 will be made righteous.
9:1 Now the first covenant, 26 in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary.
1 tn Grk “for this is my blood of the covenant that is poured out for many.” In order to avoid confusion about which is poured out, the translation supplies “blood” twice so that the following phrase clearly modifies “blood,” not “covenant.”
2 tc Although most witnesses read καινῆς (kainhs, “new”) here, this is evidently motivated by the parallel in Luke 22:20. Apart from the possibility of homoioteleuton, there is no good reason for the shorter reading to have arisen later on. But since it is found in such good and diverse witnesses (e.g., Ì37,45vid א B L Z Θ 0298vid 33 pc mae), the likelihood of homoioteleuton becomes rather remote.
3 tn Grk “this is my blood of the covenant that is poured out for many.” In order to avoid confusion about which is poured out, the translation supplies “blood” twice so that the following phrase clearly modifies “blood,” not “covenant.”
4 tc Most
5 tn Grk “but not as the transgression, so also [is] the gracious gift.”
6 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
7 tn Grk “and not as through the one who sinned [is] the gift.”
8 tn The word “transgression” is not in the Greek text at this point, but has been supplied for clarity.
9 tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
10 tn Or “falls, trespasses,” the same word used in vv. 15, 17, 18, 20.
11 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
12 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
13 tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”
14 tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
15 tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.
16 sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.
17 sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
18 tn Grk “righteousness of life.”
19 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
20 tn Grk “the many.”
21 sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.
22 tn Grk “the many.”
23 sn An allusion to Isa 53:12.
24 tn Grk “without sin,” but in context this does not refer to Christ’s sinlessness (as in Heb 4:15) but to the fact that sin is already dealt with by his first coming.
25 tn Grk “for salvation.” This may be construed with the verb “await” (those who wait for him to bring them salvation), but the connection with “appear” (as in the translation) is more likely.
26 tn Grk “the first” (referring to the covenant described in Heb 8:7, 13). In the translation the referent (covenant) has been specified for clarity.
27 sn The message spoken through angels refers to the OT law, which according to Jewish tradition was mediated to Moses through angels (cf. Deut 33:2; Ps 68:17-18; Acts 7:38, 53; Gal 3:19; and Jub. 1:27, 29; Josephus, Ant. 15.5.3 [15.136]).
28 tn Grk “through angels became valid and every violation.”