18:1 After this 11 Paul 12 departed from 13 Athens 14 and went to Corinth. 15
1:1 From Paul, 18 a slave 19 of God and apostle of Jesus Christ, to further the faith 20 of God’s chosen ones and the knowledge of the truth that is in keeping with godliness,
3:12 When I send Artemas or Tychicus to you, do your best to come to me at Nicopolis, for I have decided to spend the winter there.
1 tn Grk “answering, all the people said.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.
2 tn Or “dispute.”
3 tn Grk “see to it” (an idiom).
4 tn Or “I am not willing to be.” Gallio would not adjudicate their religious dispute.
5 tn Grk “driven away,” but this could result in a misunderstanding in English (“driven” as in a cart or wagon?). “Forced away” conveys the idea; Gallio rejected their complaint. In contemporary English terminology the case was “thrown out of court.” The verb ἀπήλασεν (aphlasen) has been translated as a causative since Gallio probably did not perform this action in person, but ordered his aides or officers to remove the plaintiffs.
6 sn See the note on the term judgment seat in 18:12.
7 tn That is, “the official in charge of the synagogue”; ἀρχισυνάγωγος (arcisunagwgo") refers to the “leader/president of a synagogue” (so BDAG 139 s.v. and L&N 53.93).
8 tn The imperfect verb ἔτυπτον (etupton) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.
9 sn See the note on the term judgment seat in 18:12.
10 tn L&N 25.223 has “‘none of these things were of any concern to Gallio’ Ac 18:17.”
11 tn Grk “After these things.”
12 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13 tn Or “Paul left.”
14 map For location see JP1-C2; JP2-C2; JP3-C2; JP4-C2.
15 sn Corinth was the capital city of the senatorial province of Achaia and the seat of the Roman proconsul. It was located 55 mi (88 km) west of Athens. Corinth was a major rival to Athens and was the largest city in Greece at the time.
16 tn Or “greatly annoyed,” “provoked.”
17 tn Or “proclaiming.”
18 tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.
19 tn Traditionally, “servant” or “bondservant.” Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times…in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v.). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος), in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force.
20 tn Grk “for the faith,” possibly, “in accordance with the faith.”