21:28 “What 20 do you think? A man had two sons. He went to the first and said, ‘Son, go and work in the vineyard today.’
1 tc ‡ The earliest
2 tn The imperfect verb has been translated conatively.
3 sn The tax collectors would bid to collect taxes for the Roman government and then add a surcharge, which they kept. Since tax collectors worked for Rome, they were viewed as traitors to their own people and were not well liked.
5 tn Grk “So do not.” Here οὖν (oun) has not been translated.
7 sn Note how the author distinguishes healing from exorcism here, implying that the two are not identical.
9 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
10 tn Or “because they had been bewildered and helpless.” The translational issue is whether the perfect participles are predicate (as in the text) or are pluperfect periphrastic (the alternate translation). If the latter, the implication would seem to be that the crowds had been in such a state until the Great Shepherd arrived.
11 tn Grk “And behold.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
12 sn Withered means the man’s hand was shrunken and paralyzed.
13 tn Grk “and they asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant and has not been translated. The referent of the pronoun (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
14 sn The background for this is the view that only if life was endangered should one attempt to heal on the Sabbath (see the Mishnah, m. Shabbat 6.3; 12.1; 18.3; 19.2; m. Yoma 8.6).
13 tn Grk “is temporary.”
14 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
15 tn See the note on the word “slave” in 8:9.
17 sn An allusion to Dan 12:3.
18 tn The translation “had better listen!” captures the force of the third person imperative more effectively than the traditional “let him hear,” which sounds more like a permissive than an imperative to the modern English reader. This was Jesus’ common expression to listen and heed carefully (cf. Matt 11:15, 13:9; Mark 4:9, 23; Luke 8:8, 14:35).
19 tn Grk “men”; the word here (ἀνήρ, anhr) usually indicates males or husbands, but occasionally is used in a generic sense of people in general, as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 1.a, 2).
21 tn Grk “he is moonstruck,” possibly meaning “lunatic” (so NAB, NASB), although now the term is generally regarded as referring to some sort of seizure disorder such as epilepsy (L&N 23.169; BDAG 919 s.v. σεληνιάζομαι).
23 sn The custom called angaria allowed the impressment of animals for service to a significant figure.
25 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
27 tn Grk “the high priest tore his clothes, saying.”
28 tn Grk “Behold now.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).