Matthew 5:21-32

Anger and Murder

5:21 “You have heard that it was said to an older generation, ¹  ‘Do not murder,’ ²  and ‘whoever murders will be subjected to judgment.’ 5:22 But I say to you that anyone who is angry with a brother ³  will be subjected to judgment. And whoever insults ⁴  a brother will be brought before ⁵  the council, ⁶  and whoever says ‘Fool’ ⁷  will be sent ⁸  to fiery hell. ⁹  5:23 So then, if you bring your gift to the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, 5:24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother and then come and present your gift. 5:25 Reach agreement ¹⁰  quickly with your accuser while on the way to court, ¹¹  or he ¹²  may hand you over to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the warden, and you will be thrown into prison. 5:26 I tell you the truth, ¹³  you will never get out of there until you have paid the last penny! ¹⁴ 

Adultery

5:27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ ¹⁵  5:28 But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to desire her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 5:29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into hell. ¹⁶  5:30 If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body go into hell.

Divorce

5:31 “It was said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a legal document.’ ¹⁷  5:32 But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.

¹ tn Grk “to the ancient ones.”

² sn A quotation from Exod 20:13; Deut 5:17.

³ tc The majority of mss read the word εἰκῇ (eikh, “without cause”) here after “brother.” This insertion has support from א² D L W Θ 0233 Ë^1,13 33 Ï it sy co Ir^lat Or^mss Cyp Cyr. Thus the Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine texttypes all include the word, while the best Alexandrian and some other witnesses (Ì⁶⁴ א* B 1424^mg pc aur vg Or Hier^mss) lack it. The ms evidence favors its exclusion, though there is a remote possibility that εἰκῇ could have been accidentally omitted from these witnesses by way of homoioarcton (the next word, ἔνοχος [enocos, “guilty”], begins with the same letter). An intentional change would likely arise from the desire to qualify “angry,” especially in light of the absolute tone of Jesus’ words. While “without cause” makes good practical sense in this context, and must surely be a true interpretation of Jesus’ meaning (cf. Mark 3:5), it does not commend itself as original.

⁴ tn Grk “whoever says to his brother ‘Raca,’” an Aramaic word of contempt or abuse meaning “fool” or “empty head.”

⁵ tn Grk “subjected,” “guilty,” “liable.”

⁶ tn Grk “the Sanhedrin.”

⁷ tn The meaning of the term μωρός (mwros) is somewhat disputed. Most take it to mean, following the Syriac versions, “you fool,” although some have argued that it represents a transliteration into Greek of the Hebrew term מוֹרֵה (moreh) “rebel” (Deut 21:18, 20; cf. BDAG 663 s.v. μωρός c).

⁸ tn Grk “subjected,” “guilty,” “liable.”

⁹ tn Grk “the Gehenna of fire.”

¹⁰ tn Grk “Make friends.”

¹¹ tn The words “to court” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

¹² tn Grk “the accuser.”

¹³ tn Grk “Truly (ἀμήν, amhn), I say to you.”

¹⁴ tn Here the English word “penny” is used as opposed to the parallel in Luke 12:59 where “cent” appears since the Greek word there is different and refers to a different but similar coin.

¹⁵ sn A quotation from Exod 20:14; Deut 5:17.

¹⁶ sn On this word here and in the following verse, see the note on the word hell in 5:22.

¹⁷ sn A quotation from Deut 24:1.