18:28 Then they brought Jesus from Caiaphas to the Roman governor’s residence. 33 (Now it was very early morning.) 34 They 35 did not go into the governor’s residence 36 so they would not be ceremonially defiled, but could eat the Passover meal.
1 tn Grk “how will you say?”
2 tc ‡ Although most witnesses read the genitive plural pronoun αὐτῶν (autwn, “their”), it may have been motivated by clarification (as it is in the translation above). Several other authorities do not have the pronoun, however (א B Δ 073 Ë1 579 700 892 1424 pc f g1); the lack of an unintentional oversight as the reason for omission strengthens their combined testimony in this shorter reading. NA27 has the pronoun in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.
3 tn Grk “when they eat bread.”
4 tn Grk “But answering, he said to them.”
5 tc Most
6 sn A quotation from Exod 20:12; Deut 5:16.
7 sn A quotation from Exod 21:17; Lev 20:9.
8 tn Grk “is a gift,” that is, something dedicated to God.
9 tc The logic of v. 5 would seem to demand that both father and mother are in view in v. 6. Indeed, the majority of
10 tn Grk “I say to you.”
11 tc A few late witnesses (579 1424 pc) read κάμιλον (kamilon, “rope”) for κάμηλον (kamhlon, “camel”), either through accidental misreading of the text or intentionally so as to soften Jesus’ words.
12 sn The eye of a needle refers to a sewing needle. (The gate in Jerusalem known as “The Needle’s Eye” was built during the middle ages and was not in existence in Jesus’ day.) Jesus was saying rhetorically that it is impossible for a rich person to enter God’s kingdom, unless God (v. 26) intervenes.
13 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
14 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
15 tn Or “The scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
16 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
17 sn The term translated watched…closely is emotive, since it carries negative connotations. It means they were watching him out of the corner of their eye or spying on him.
18 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
19 tn This is a first class condition in the Greek text; Jesus’ opponents anticipated he would do this.
20 sn The background for this is the view that only if life was endangered should one attempt to heal on the Sabbath (see the Mishnah, m. Shabbat 6.3; 12.1; 18.3; 19.2; m. Yoma 8.6).
21 tn Here the conjunction δέ (de) has been translated as contrastive.
22 sn The statement that Jesus knew their thoughts adds a prophetic note to his response; see Luke 5:22.
23 tn Grk “their reasonings.” The implication is that Jesus knew his opponents’ plans and motives, so the translation “thoughts” was used here.
24 sn Most likely synagogues were arranged with benches along the walls and open space in the center for seating on the floor.
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the man’s action was a result of Jesus’ order.
26 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
27 sn With the use of the plural pronoun (“you”), Jesus addressed not just the leaders but the crowd with his question to challenge what the leadership was doing. There is irony as well. As Jesus sought to restore on the Sabbath (but improperly according to the leaders’ complaints) the leaders were seeking to destroy, which surely is wrong. The implied critique recalls the OT: Isa 1:1-17; 58:6-14.
28 tn Grk “And after.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
29 tn The aorist participle περιβλεψάμενος (peribleyameno") has been translated as antecedent (prior) to the action of the main verb. It could also be translated as contemporaneous (“Looking around… he said”).
30 tn Grk “him”; the referent (the man with the withered hand) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
31 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
32 sn The passive was restored points to healing by God. Now the question became: Would God exercise his power through Jesus, if what Jesus was doing were wrong? Note also Jesus’ “labor.” He simply spoke and it was so.
33 tn Grk “to the praetorium.”
34 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
35 tn Grk “And they.” The conjunction καί (kai, “and”) has not been translated here in keeping with the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences.
36 tn Grk “into the praetorium.”
37 tn Or “they shouted again,” or “they shouted in turn.” On the difficulty of translating πάλιν (palin) see BDAG 753 s.v. 5. It is simplest in the context of John’s Gospel to understand the phrase to mean “they shouted back” as a reply to Pilate’s question.
38 tn Grk “this one.”
39 sn The name Barabbas in Aramaic means “son of abba,” that is, “son of the father,” and presumably the man in question had another name (it may also have been Jesus, according to the textual variant in Matt 27:16, although this is uncertain). For the author this name held ironic significance: The crowd was asking for the release of a man called Barabbas, “son of the father,” while Jesus, who was truly the Son of the Father, was condemned to die instead.
40 tn Or “robber.” It is possible that Barabbas was merely a robber or highwayman, but more likely, given the use of the term ληστής (lhsth") in Josephus and other early sources, that he was a guerrilla warrior or revolutionary leader. See both R. E. Brown (John [AB], 2:857) and K. H. Rengstorf (TDNT 4:258) for more information. The word λῃστής was used a number of times by Josephus (J. W. 2.13.2-3 [2.253-254]) to describe the revolutionaries or guerrilla fighters who, from mixed motives of nationalism and greed, kept the rural districts of Judea in constant turmoil.
41 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.